Amorphous calcium carbonate particles form coral skeletons

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 114(37)

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2017

Significance Whether coral skeleton crystals grow by attachment of ions from solution or particles tissue determines ( i ) corals’ growth rate, ii how they survive acidifying oceans, and iii the isotopes in used for reconstructing ancient temperatures. Our data show that two amorphous precursors exist, one hydrated dehydrated calcium carbonate; these are formed as ∼400-nm particles; attach to surface skeletons, remain hours, finally crystallize into aragonite. Since inside tissue, may be less susceptible ocean acidification than previously assumed. Coral bleaching postmortem dissolution will occur, but a calcification crisis not.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative genomics explains the evolutionary success of reef-forming corals

eLife, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 5

Опубликована: Май 24, 2016

Transcriptome and genome data from twenty stony coral species a selection of reference bilaterians were studied to elucidate evolutionary history. We identified genes that encode the proteins responsible for precipitation aggregation aragonite skeleton on which organisms live, revealed network environmental sensors coordinate responses host animals temperature, light, pH. Furthermore, we describe variety stress-related pathways, including apoptotic pathways allow detoxify reactive oxygen nitrogen are generated by their intracellular photosynthetic symbionts, determine fate corals under stress. Some these arose through horizontal gene transfer comprise at least 0.2% animal inventory. Our analysis elucidates strategies have allowed symbiotic adapt thrive hundreds millions years.

Язык: Английский

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Biomineralization: Integrating mechanism and evolutionary history

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(10)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2022

Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) biomineralizing organisms have played major roles in the history of life and global carbon cycle during past 541 Ma. Both marine diversification mass extinctions reflect physiological responses to environmental changes through time. An integrated understanding biomineralization is necessary illuminate this evolutionary record understand how modern will respond 21st century change. Biomineralization evolved independently but convergently across phyla, suggesting a unity mechanism that transcends biological differences. In review, we combine CaCO skeleton formation mechanisms with constraints from history, omics, meta-analysis isotopic data develop plausible model for applicable all phyla. The provides framework sensitivity calcifiers, extinctions, resilience acidifying oceans. Thus, it frames questions about past, present, future organisms.

Язык: Английский

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A stony coral cell atlas illuminates the molecular and cellular basis of coral symbiosis, calcification, and immunity

Cell, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 184(11), С. 2973 - 2987.e18

Опубликована: Май 1, 2021

Stony corals are colonial cnidarians that sustain the most biodiverse marine ecosystems on Earth: coral reefs. Despite their ecological importance, little is known about cell types and molecular pathways underpin biology of reef-building corals. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we define over 40 across life cycle Stylophora pistillata. We discover specialized immune cells, uncover developmental gene expression dynamics calcium-carbonate skeleton formation. By simultaneously measuring transcriptomes cells algae within them, characterize metabolic programs involved in symbiosis both partners. also trace evolution these specializations by phylogenetic integration multiple cnidarian type atlases. Overall, this study reveals cellular basis stony biology.

Язык: Английский

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Epigenome-associated phenotypic acclimatization to ocean acidification in a reef-building coral

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 4(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2018

Changes in gene body methylation predict phenotypic acclimatization of the coral Stylophora pistillata to ocean acidification.

Язык: Английский

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Coral calcification in a changing World and the interactive dynamics of pH and DIC upregulation

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Май 30, 2017

Abstract Coral calcification is dependent on the mutualistic partnership between endosymbiotic zooxanthellae and coral host. Here, using newly developed geochemical proxies (δ 11 B B/Ca), we show that Porites corals from natural reef environments exhibit a close ( r 2 ∼0.9) antithetic relationship dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pH of corals’ calcifying fluid (cf). The highest DIC cf (∼ × 3.2 seawater) found during summer, consistent with thermal/light enhancement metabolically (zooxanthellae) derived carbon, while (∼8.5) occurs in winter periods low seawater). These opposing changes are shown to maintain oversaturated but stable levels carbonate saturation Ω ∼ 5 seawater), key parameter controlling calcification. findings marked contrast artificial experiments upregulation largely independent seawater chemistry, hence ocean acidification, highly vulnerable thermally induced stress global warming.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative analysis of the genomes of Stylophora pistillata and Acropora digitifera provides evidence for extensive differences between species of corals

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2017

Stony corals form the foundation of coral reef ecosystems. Their phylogeny is characterized by a deep evolutionary divergence that separates into robust and complex clade dating back to at least 245 mya. However, genomic consequences clade-specific evolution remain unexplored. In this study we have produced genome coral, Stylophora pistillata, compared it available Acropora digitifera. We conducted fine-scale gene-based analysis focusing on ortholog groups. Among core set conserved proteins, found an emphasis processes related cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Genes associated with algal symbiosis were also independently expanded in both species, but diverged identity groups expanded, uneven expansions genes innate immunity stress response. Our analyses demonstrate genomes can be surprisingly disparate. Future incorporating more data should able determine whether patterns elucidated here are not only characteristic differences between S. pistillata A. digitifera representative from large.

Язык: Английский

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Microelectrode characterization of coral daytime interior pH and carbonate chemistry

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2016

Abstract Reliably predicting how coral calcification may respond to ocean acidification and warming depends on our understanding of mechanisms. However, the concentration speciation dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) inside corals remain unclear, as only pH has been measured while a necessary second parameter constrain carbonate chemistry missing. Here we report first ion ([CO 3 2− ]) measurements together with during light period. We observe sharp increases in [CO ] from gastric cavity calcifying fluid, confirming existence proton (H + ) pumping mechanism. also show that can achieve high aragonite saturation state ( Ω arag fluid by elevating at same time keeping [DIC] low. Such mechanism require less H -pumping energy for upregulating compared scenario thus allow be more resistant climate change related stressors.

Язык: Английский

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Full in vivo characterization of carbonate chemistry at the site of calcification in corals

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2019

In vivo measurements of [Ca 2+ ] and [CO 3 2− indicate biological control carbonate chemistry at site calcification in corals.

Язык: Английский

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Coral biomineralization: A focus on intra-skeletal organic matrix and calcification

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 46, С. 17 - 26

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2015

Язык: Английский

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