Global marine protected areas to prevent extinctions

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 1(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Metapopulation Tracking Juvenile Penguins Reveals an Ecosystem-wide Ecological Trap

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 27(4), С. 563 - 568

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2017

Climate change and fisheries are transforming the oceans, but we lack a complete understanding of their ecological impact [1McCauley D.J. Pinsky M.L. Palumbi S.R. Estes J.A. Joyce F.H. Warner R.R. Marine defaunation: animal loss in global ocean.Science. 2015; 347: 1255641-1255647Crossref PubMed Scopus (735) Google Scholar, 2Sydeman W.J. Poloczanska E. Reed T.E. Thompson S.A. marine vertebrates.Science. 350: 772-777Crossref (147) 3Hobday A.J. Bell J.D. Cook T.R. Gasalla M.A. Weng K.C. Reconciling conflicts pelagic under climate change.Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 113: 291-300Crossref (24) Scholar]. Environmental degradation can cause maladaptive habitat selection, inducing traps with profound consequences for biodiversity [4Fletcher Jr., R.J. Orrock J.L. Robertson B.A. How type anthropogenic alters traps.Proc. Biol. Sci. 2012; 279: 2546-2552Crossref (69) 5Robertson Rehage J.S. Sih A. Ecological novelty emergence evolutionary traps.Trends Ecol. Evol. 2013; 28: 552-560Abstract Full Text PDF (283) 6Hale R. Treml E.A. Swearer S.E. Evaluating metapopulation 282: 20142930Crossref (63) However, whether operate systems is unclear [7Hale traps: current evidence future directions.Proc. 2016; 283: 20152647Crossref (153) Large vertebrates may be vulnerable to [6Hale Scholar], broad-scale movements complex life histories obscure population-level selection [8Runge C.A. Martin T.G. Possingham H.P. Willis S.G. Fuller R.A. Conserving mobile species.Front. Environ. 2014; 12: 395-402Crossref (303) 9Hays G.C. Ferreira L.C. Sequeira A.M.M. Meekan M.G. Duarte C.M. Bailey H. Bailleul F. Bowen W.D. Caley M.J. Costa D.P. et al.Key questions megafauna movement ecology.Trends 31: 463-475Abstract (322) We satellite tracked postnatal dispersal African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) from eight sites across breeding range test they have become ecologically trapped degraded Benguela ecosystem. Bayesian state-space models show that traversed thousands square kilometers areas low sea surface temperatures (14.5°C–17.5°C) high chlorophyll-a (∼11 mg m−3). These were once reliable cues prey-rich waters, industrial fishing depleted forage fish stocks this system [10Grémillet D. Lewis S. Drapeau L. van der Lingen C.D. Huggett Coetzee J.C. Verheye H.M. Daunt Wanless Ryan P.G. Spatial match-mismatch upwelling zone: should expect chlorophyll sea-surface temperature predict predator distributions?.J. Appl. 2008; 45: 610-621Crossref (189) 11Roux J.-P. Gibbons Moroff N. Shannon L.J. Smith A.D. Cury P.M. Jellyfication ecosystems as consequence overfishing small fish: lessons Benguela.Bull. Mar. 89: 249-284Crossref (94) Juvenile penguin survival populations selecting areas, projection suggest numbers ∼50% lower than if non-impacted habitats used, revealing extent effect trap first time. cascading impacts localized depletion—unobserved studies on adults—were only elucidated via demographic data juveniles. Our results support suspending when prey biomass drops below critical thresholds [12Pikitch E.K. Stop-loss order fisheries.Proc. Natl. Acad. USA. 112: 6529-6530Crossref (13) 13Essington Moriarty P.E. Froehlich H.E. Hodgson E.E. Koehn L.E. Oken K.L. Siple M.C. Stawitz C.C. Fishing amplifies population collapses.Proc. 6648-6652Crossref (187) Scholar] mitigation will require matching conservation action scale processes [14Boyd C. Brooks T.M. Butchart S.H.M. Edgar G.J. Da Fonseca G.A.B. Hawkins Hoffmann M. Sechrest W. Stuart S.N. Dijk P.P. threatened species.Conserv. Lett. 1: 37-43Crossref

Язык: Английский

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Global and regional priorities for marine biodiversity protection

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 204, С. 333 - 339

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Where Marine Protected Areas would best represent 30% of ocean biodiversity

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 244, С. 108536 - 108536

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Large marine protected areas represent biodiversity now and under climate change

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2017

Abstract Large marine protected areas (>30,000 km 2 ) have a high profile in conservation, yet their contribution to conservation is contested. Assessing the overlap of large with 14,172 species, we found cover 4.4% ocean and at least some portion range 83.3% species assessed. Of all within areas, 26.9% had 10% represented, this was projected increase 40.1% 2100. Cumulative impacts were significantly higher than outside, refuting critique that they only occur pristine areas. We recommend future be sited based on systematic planning practices where possible include beyond national jurisdiction, provide five key recommendations improve long-term representation meet critical global policy goals (e.g., Convention Biological Diversity’s Aichi Targets).

Язык: Английский

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A review of evidence for area‐based conservation targets for the post‐2020 global biodiversity framework

PARKS, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 25.2, С. 31 - 46

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2019

Our review of the scientific evidence for large-scale percentage area conservation targets concluded: 1.The 17 per cent terrestrial and inland waters, 10 marine coastal from Aichi Target 11 Strategic Plan Biodiversity 2011-2020 are not adequate to conserve biodiversity.2.Percentage cannot be considered in isolation quality considerations.Protected conserved areas need selectively located, well governed, effectively equitably managed biodiversity.3.There is no unequivocal answer what Earth should protected.Estimates studies considering a wide set biodiversity values very high; over 50 up 80 cent.Studies that include narrower subset lower, but rarely under 30 cent, always with caveats they incomplete estimates.Protected established based on desired outcomes (e.g.halting loss by 2030).4.The global protection minimum 70 or even higher, land sea supported literature.The call mid-point these range studies. 5.Implementation large can achieved through differentiating kinds at national scale, nationally determined contributions accordance local conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Data-driven approach for highlighting priority areas for protection in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction

Marine Policy, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 122, С. 103927 - 103927

Опубликована: Март 28, 2020

One of the aims United Nations (UN) negotiations on conservation and sustainable use marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) is to develop a legal process for establishment area-based management tools, including protected areas, ABNJ. Here we planning algorithm integrate 55 global data layers ABNJ species diversity, habitat heterogeneity, benthic features, productivity, fishing as means highlighting priority regions be considered spatial protection. We also include information forecasted distributions under climate change. found that parameterizing protect at least 30% these key while avoiding high effort, yielded solution highlights 52,545,634 km2 (23.7%) Instructing model avoid with effort resulted relatively minor shifts solution, when compared separate did not consider effort. Integrating change had similarly influence suggesting climate-informed may able now future. This globally standardized, data-driven identifying protection serves valuable complement other expert-driven processes underway highlight ecologically or biologically significant regions. Both outputs methods exhibited this analysis can additively inform UN decision-making concerning areas.

Язык: Английский

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Marine biodiversity exposed to prolonged and intense subsurface heatwaves

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(10), С. 1114 - 1121

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Nature Forest Reserves in Tanzania and their importance for conservation

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(2), С. e0281408 - e0281408

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Since 1997 Tanzania has undertaken a process to identify and declare network of Nature Forest Reserves (NFRs) with high biodiversity values, from within its existing portfolio national Reserves, 16 new NFRs declared since 2015. The current 22 gazetted covered 948,871 hectares in 2023. now cover range Tanzanian habitat types, including all main forest types—wet, seasonal, dry—as well as wetlands grasslands. contain at least 178 Tanzania’s 242 endemic vertebrate species, which 50% are threatened extinction, 553 plant taxa (species, subspecies, varieties), threatened. also support 41 single-site species 76 taxa. Time series analysis management effectiveness tracking tool (METT) data shows that NFR is increasing, especially where donor funds have been available. Improved investment resulted measurable reductions some critical threats NFRs. Still, ongoing challenges remain fully issues illegal logging, charcoal production, firewood, pole-cutting, hunting snaring birds mammals, fire, wildlife trade, the unpredictable impacts climate change. Increased tourism, diversified revenue generation schemes, involving communities management, stepping up control measures for remaining required create economically self-sustaining able conserve values.

Язык: Английский

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Policy: Marine biodiversity needs more than protection

Nature, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 535(7611), С. 224 - 226

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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