Photoinduced Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (O-ATRP): Precision Polymer Synthesis Using Organic Photoredox Catalysis

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 122(2), С. 1830 - 1874

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2021

The development of photoinduced organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) has received considerable attention since its introduction in 2014. Expanding on many the advantages traditional ATRP, O-ATRP allows well-defined polymers to be produced under mild reaction conditions using organic photoredox catalysts. As a result, opened access range sensitive applications where use metal catalyst could concern, such as electronics, certain biological applications, and coordinating monomers. However, key limitations this method remain necessitate further investigation continue field. such, review details achievements made to-date well future research directions that will expand capabilities application landscape O-ATRP.

Язык: Английский

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Chemical Surface Modification of Polymeric Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 41(8)

Опубликована: Март 5, 2020

Abstract This review focuses on the attachment of polymer brushes to polymeric biomaterial substrates by chemical surface modification methods for biomedical applications. In first part this paper, a general introduction synthesis is given. Thereafter, comprehensive overview recent work biomaterials, with focus “grafting‐to,” “grafting‐from,” and “grafting‐through” strategies, provided. Finally, some representative cutting‐edge applications modified mainly including antifouling materials biocompatible materials, are highlighted. On basis literature study, perspective future trends in field

Язык: Английский

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Photocontrolled RAFT polymerization: past, present, and future

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(9), С. 3035 - 3097

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

In this review, we provide a brief history, progress, and applications, discuss the remaining challenges of photocontrolled reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization (i.e., photoinduced electron/energy transfer-RAFT (PET-RAFT), photoiniferter, photomediated cationic RAFT polymerization). Among these, visible-light-driven has attracted particular attention in recent years due to its benefits, including low energy consumption safe reaction procedure. Moreover, incorporation visible-light photocatalysis conferred attractive features, such as spatiotemporal control oxygen tolerance; however, clear understanding mechanism not been completely provided. We also present research efforts elucidate mechanisms with aid quantum chemical calculations combined experimental evidence. This review offers an insight into better design systems for desired applications helps realize full potential both academic- industrial-scale applications.

Язык: Английский

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PET-RAFT Polymerization: Mechanistic Perspectives for Future Materials

ACS Macro Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(4), С. 433 - 446

Опубликована: Март 24, 2021

In the past decade, photochemistry has emerged as a growing area in organic and polymer chemistry. Use of light to drive polymerization advantages by imparting spatial temporal control over reaction. Photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain (PET-RAFT) an excellent technique for developing well-defined polymers from variety functional monomers. However, mechanism, electron versus energy is debated literature, with conflicting reports on underlying process. This perspective focuses mechanistic aspects PET-RAFT, particular, pathways. The different mechanisms are evaluated, including evidence one other mechanisms. current literature not reached consensus across all PET-RAFT processes, but rather, each catalytic system unique characteristics.

Язык: Английский

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Photo‐Iniferter RAFT Polymerization

Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 43(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2021

Light-mediated polymerization techniques offer distinct advantages over reactions fueled by thermal energy, such as high spatial and temporal control well the possibility to work under mild reaction conditions. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) is a highly versatile radical method that can be utilized variety of monomers produce vast number complex macromolecular structures. The use light drive RAFT-polymerization possible via multiple routes. Besides photo-initiators, or photo-catalysts, direct activation chain transfer agent controlling RAFT process in photo-iniferter (PI) an elegant way initiate reactions. Within this review, PI-RAFT its conventional are discussed detail.

Язык: Английский

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Greener, Faster, Stronger: The Benefits of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer and Materials Science

Polymers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(3), С. 447 - 447

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2021

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent an emergent class of green designer that find numerous applications in different aspects chemical synthesis. A particularly appealing aspect DES systems is their simplicity preparation, combined with inexpensive, readily available starting materials to yield properties (negligible volatility, non-flammability and high solvation capacity). In the context polymer science, not only offer route towards replacing hazardous volatile organic (VOCs), but can serve multiple roles including those solvent, monomer templating agent—so called “polymerizable eutectics.” this review, we look at polymerizable eutectics application synthesis, various mechanisms formation, hydrogel design, porous monoliths, molecularly imprinted polymers. We provide a comparative study these alongside traditional synthetic approaches, highlighting benefit VOCs from perspective environmental sustainability, also advantage respect mechanical thermal polymers formed.

Язык: Английский

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Reversed Controlled Polymerization (RCP): Depolymerization from Well-Defined Polymers to Monomers

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 145(18), С. 9898 - 9915

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Controlled polymerization methods are well-established synthetic protocols for the design and preparation of polymeric materials with a high degree precision over molar mass architecture. Exciting recent work has shown that end-group fidelity and/or functionality inherent in these techniques can enable new routes to depolymerization under relatively mild conditions. Converting polymers back pure monomers by is potential solution environmental ecological concerns associated ultimate fate polymers. This perspective focuses on emerging field from synthesized controlled polymerizations including radical, ionic, metathesis polymerizations. We provide critical review current literature categorized according technique explore numerous concepts ideas which could be implemented further enhance lower temperature systems, catalytic depolymerization, increasing polymer scope, depolymerization.

Язык: Английский

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Photoinduced Controlled/Living Polymerizations

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 61(23)

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2022

The application of photochemistry in polymer synthesis is interest due to the unique possibilities offered compared thermochemistry, including topological and temporal control, rapid polymerization, sustainable low-energy processes, environmentally benign features leading established emerging applications adhesives, coatings, adaptive manufacturing, etc. In particular, utilization controlled/living polymerizations often offers capability for precise control over macromolecular structure chain length addition associated advantages photochemistry. Herein, latest developments photocontrolled living radical cationic their combinations syntheses are discussed. This Review summarizes highlights recent studies area photoinduced polymerizations. A discussion mechanistic details differences as well parallels between different systems polymerization methods monomer applicability.

Язык: Английский

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Oxygen, Light, and Mechanical Force Mediated Radical Polymerization Toward Precision Polymer Synthesis

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

This article highlights the advancements in controlled radical polymerization facilitated by three external regulations of oxygen, light, and mechanical force, outlines future directions polymerization.

Язык: Английский

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Discrete and Stereospecific Oligomers Prepared by Sequential and Alternating Single Unit Monomer Insertion

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 140(41), С. 13392 - 13406

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2018

Natural biopolymers, such as DNA and proteins, have uniform microstructures with defined molecular weight, precise monomer sequence, stereoregularity along the polymer main chain that affords them unique biological functions. To reproduce structurally perfect polymers understand mechanism of specific functions through chemical approaches, researchers proposed using synthetic an alternative due to their broad diversity relatively simple manipulation. Herein, we report a new methodology prepare sequence-controlled stereospecific oligomers alternating radical growth sequential photoinduced RAFT single unit insertion (photo-RAFT SUMI). Two families cyclic monomers, indenes N-substituted maleimides, can be alternatively inserted into agents, one at time, allowing sequence controlled addition. Importantly, stereochemistry agents is found trans-selective chains steric hindrance from repeating units. All investigated monomers provide trans-selectivity, but analogous acyclic give mixed cis- trans-insertion.

Язык: Английский

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