Efficient Synthesis of a Superior Heat-Resistant Energetic Material Based on Fused Pyrazolotriazine Ring DOI
Kejia Li, Wei Huang,

Ziwei An

и другие.

Crystal Growth & Design, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(12), С. 6872 - 6878

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2021

Fused-ring energetic materials are considered to be promising materials. However, their practical applications usually hindered due the tedious synthetic routes. In this work, 4-amino-3,8-dinitropyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-7-ol (4) was easily prepared within three straightforward steps starting from commercially available ethyl cyanoglyoxylate 2-oxime (1). Compound 4 is a heat-resistant explosive, with remarkable thermal stability (decomposition temperature 332 °C) and sensitivity (burst point 380 °C at 5 s). addition, it demonstrates high density (1.88 g cm–3), good detonation velocity (8538 m s–1), low impact friction sensitivities (IS > 40 J; FS 360 N). Optimized conditions for synthesis of have also been investigated, scale 10 could over one-batch reaction using modified path overall yield (46%). The advanced performance scalable production make bright prospect industrial production.

Язык: Английский

Synthesis and properties of salts derived from C4N182−, C4N18H3−and C4N18H3−anions DOI
Zhen Dong, Zhiwen Ye

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(47), С. 25035 - 25039

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Three types of energetic materials with high nitrogen content, decomposition temperature and good detonation properties were obtained.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

44
Tailoring Energetic Sensitivity and Classification through Regioisomerism DOI
Dominique R. Wozniak,

Benjamin Salfer,

Mat­thias Zeller

и другие.

Organic Letters, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 22(22), С. 9114 - 9117

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2020

The azo-coupling of 1- and 2-amino-4-nitro-1,2,3-triazole yielded two new energetic compounds whose detonation properties compete with that HMX. Though the calculated performances are impressive, regioisomers have differing sensitivities behavior. One has similar to a very sensitive primary explosive, while other more comparable secondary explosive. This serves as an example ability tailor end use via regioisomerization.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

43
Selecting Suitable Substituents for Energetic Materials Based on a Fused Triazolo-[1,2,4,5]tetrazine Ring DOI
Lu Hu, Chunlin He, Gang Zhao

и другие.

ACS Applied Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 3(6), С. 5510 - 5516

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2020

The more energetic substituent introduced, such as nitramino, nitro, azido, and N-oxide group, the better detonation performance but lower stability of compounds obtained. In order to synthesize materials that display both high low sensitivity, it is useful understand how those groups affect material properties. syntheses some based on triazolo-[1,2,4,5]tetrazine fused ring contain combinations different are described. For first time, a containing nitramino was synthesized (3). Compound 3 its salts exhibit densities (>1.82 g cm–3) performances (>9047 m s–1, > 34.7 GPa) well acceptable sensitivities. As result hydrogen bonding, hydrazinium salt (3b) has density 1.83 cm–3, with velocity (9470 s–1) reasonable sensitivities (12 J, 120 N) which superior CL-20. Comparisons made our previously reported in demonstrate substituents

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

42
Recent advances in the synthesis and performance of 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-based energetic materials DOI Creative Commons
Леонид Л. Ферштат

FirePhysChem, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(1), С. 78 - 87

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2022

In recent years, the development of novel advanced energetic materials has significantly shifted toward nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives, which demonstrate a great potential for multipurpose application patterns. Among known heterocycles tetrazine ring is well-known structural scaffold used in preparation various high-energy materials. The majority energy-rich substances incorporating subunit exhibit high thermal stability, good detonation performance and low sensitivity to mechanical stimuli defines their practical usability. this review, main achievements on synthesis tetrazine-based reported last decade are summarized. Potential applications presented compounds especially emphasized.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

28
Can a heavy trinitromethyl group always result in a higher density? DOI
Ning Ding, Qi Sun, Xudong Xu

и другие.

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59(14), С. 1939 - 1942

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The first case of a decrease in density with the introduction trinitromethyl group.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

15
Azo-linked four-heterocyclic energetic molecule and its complexes: Exploring the important influence of conjugated planar structure on their crystal arrangement and stability DOI Creative Commons

Ruibing Lv,

Jinyang Zhou,

Liu He

и другие.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1), С. 17 - 26

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

Using two routes, this study designed and synthesized a novel azo-linked four-heterocyclic compound, 1,2-bis(5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) diazene (3, H4BTTD), with high yields. It corroborated that large conjugated planar energetic molecules in compounds, exemplified by H4BTTD, contribute to the formation of layered crystal stacking based on abundant hydrogen bonds interlayer π-π interactions. This markedly diminishes mechanical sensitivities compounds. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments revealed presence structures H4BTTD hydrate, as well its magnesium-based complex [Mg2(BTTD)(H2O)8] (4) calcium salt [Ca(H2O)7] (H3BTTD)2 (5). Based these structural data, analyzed causes structures. Furthermore, systematically characterized compounds' physical chemical properties, including (IS ≥ 20 J, FS > 360 N), thermal stability (Td = 253.7–287.8 °C), detonation performance (D 6808–8253 m s−1), confirming influence molecular macroscopic properties materials through stacking. Additionally, pyrotechnic formulas compounds 3 5 exhibited most intense light emission within wavelength range 658.6–689.8 nm, underscoring potential application both promising candidates preparing high-purity red formulation.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
Synthesis of fused tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-based energetic compounds DOI Creative Commons
Sitong Chen, Yunhe Jin,

Honglei Xia

и другие.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 1(1), С. 16 - 25

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2020

In this study, the synthesis and properties of 6-nitramino-7-nitro-8-aminotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine (1) its alkali metal salts (2–6) were presented. The hydrolysis 6-nitramino 8-amino from 1 was occurred at specified conditions, which generated a series 6-nitramino-7-nitro-8-hydroxy-tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine (7, 12) 6-amino-7-nitro-8-hydroxy-tetrazolo [1,5-b]pyridazine (8-11). Their structures characterized by SXRD, IR, EA, HRMS NMR, respectively. thermal stability investigated using DTA TGA techniques. On basis ΔfH ρ, detonation performances (vD p) calculated EXPLO5 software. mechanical sensitivities (IS, FS) also measured. results show that compounds 1–12 display good (Td ​> ​175 ​°C), high energy level ​6700 ​m ​s−1) low (IS ​≥ ​18 ​J) as promising energetic materials.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

31
Synthesis of New Energetic Materials Based on Furazan Rings and Nitro‐NNO‐azoxy Groups DOI
Nikita E. Leonov, Michael S. Klenov, Oleg V. Anikin

и другие.

ChemistrySelect, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 5(39), С. 12243 - 12249

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2020

Abstract Energetic compounds 1 – 6 , consisting of one or two furazan rings linked by azo azoxy bridges and nitro‐ NNO ‐azoxy substituents, were synthesized nitration the corresponding tert ‐butyl‐ precursors with NO 2 BF 4 . Novel methods for synthesis 3,4‐bis( ‐azoxy)furazan ( 7 ) bis‐4,4′‐( ‐azoxy)‐3,3′‐azoxyfurazan 21 elaborated. The obtained display high calculated detonation performance v D =8.07–9.40 km s −1 P C‐J =27.4–43.4 GPa) that is superior to nitrofurazans (DNF, DNAzF, DNAF). replacement (nitro‐ ‐azoxy)furazans increases specific impulse model solid composite propellant formulations 2–10 s, which due heats formation (600–892 kcal kg positive oxygen balance (0–20 %) latter compounds.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

29
Challenging the limits of nitrogen and oxygen content of fused rings DOI
Lu Hu, Haixiang Gao, Jean’ne M. Shreeve

и другие.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(34), С. 17411 - 17414

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

A series of new energetic materials with high oxygen and nitrogen content, based on fused 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine rings, was synthesized characterized.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

28
A heat-resistant and insensitive energetic material based on the pyrazolo-triazine framework DOI Creative Commons
Yuteng Cao,

Ziwu Cai,

Jun-hao Shi

и другие.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 3(1), С. 26 - 31

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2021

One of the major challenges in field energetic materials is to develop explosive molecules with high detonation performances and low mechanical sensitivity. In this work, a heat-resistant insensitive compound 4-amino-7-nitro-5H-pyrazolo [4,3-d][1,2,3]triazine-2-oxide (3) was designed prepared. It identified characterized using X-ray single-crystal diffraction, IR spectroscopy, NMR mass spectrometry, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), elemental analysis. This novel exhibits good (Dv ​= ​8731 ​m ​s−1, P ​31.20 ​GPa), sensitivities (IS ​> ​20 ​J, FS ​360 ​N), excellent thermal stability (Td ​291 ​°C), suggesting that 3 may serve as potential high-energy material.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

24