Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Wearable Sweat Monitoring: A Review

IEEE Sensors Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(13), С. 14522 - 14539

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2021

Thanks to rapid technological innovation over the last decade, a wide range of wearable devices have emerged, playing an inspiring role in healthcare, diagnostics, and sports monitoring. This review summarizes recent progress development application electrochemical (EC) sweat sensors self-powered systems for applications. Presented here are most common types EC sensors, namely potentiometric ion-selective electrodes, amperometric enzymatic non-enzymatic as well differential pulse voltammetric sensors. The sensing principle novel functional nanomaterials that used enhance performance their applications summarized. advancement battery-free is presented, including biofuel cells (BFC), energy harvesting from materials its strategy, also discussed. challenges in, opportunities for, sensor-based moving forward reviewed, with aim shedding some light on future directions.

Язык: Английский

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Microneedle-Based Potentiometric Sensing System for Continuous Monitoring of Multiple Electrolytes in Skin Interstitial Fluids

ACS Sensors, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 6(6), С. 2181 - 2190

Опубликована: Май 26, 2021

Electrolytes play a pivotal role in regulating cardiovascular functions, hydration, and muscle activation. The current standards for monitoring electrolytes involve periodic sampling of blood measurements using laboratory techniques, which are often uncomfortable/inconvenient to the subjects add considerable expense management their underlying disease conditions. wide range skin interstitial fluids (ISFs) correlations with those plasma create exciting opportunities applications such as electrolyte circadian metabolism monitoring. However, it has been challenging monitor these ISFs. In this study, we report minimally invasive microneedle-based potentiometric sensing system multiplexed continuous Na+ K+ consists miniaturized stainless-steel hollow microneedle prevent sensor delamination set modified electrodes multiplex We demonstrate measurement artificial ISFs fast response time, excellent reversibility repeatability, adequate selectivity, negligible potential interferences upon addition physiologically relevant concentration metabolites, dietary biomarkers, nutrients. addition, maintains sensitivity after multiple insertions into chicken model. Furthermore, calibrated sensors confirm accurate physiological Finally, skin-mimicking phantom gel model experiments sensor's developed platform can be adapted other applications, including real-time nutrients, proteins.

Язык: Английский

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Shining Light on Porous Liquids: From Fundamentals to Syntheses, Applications and Future Challenges

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 32(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2021

Abstract Porous liquids (PLs), an emerging type of flowing liquid materials that combine the merits porous solids and liquids, have garnered immense attention since concept PLs was proposed in 2007. Meanwhile, witnessed growing success versatile synthesis strategies applications, especially 2017. Given lack a timely comprehensive review, developing prompt summary with understanding is undoubtedly urgent. Thus, this critical review offers progress fundamental chemistry, developmental history, synthetic strategies, applications PLs. First, chemistry history are reviewed. Then, highlighted. Additionally, crosscutting studies pure theoretical simulations daunting characterization issues analyzed. Next, state‐of‐the‐art reviewed detail. In end, perspectives regarding remaining challenges future directions for presented. It speculated could inspire scientific communities who focus on task‐specific various such as gas sorption, membrane separation, catalytic conversion, chiral thermal management electrolyte, so on.

Язык: Английский

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Lattice Proton Intercalation to Regulate WO₃‐Based Solid‐Contact Wearable pH Sensor for Sweat Analysis

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 32(4)

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2021

Abstract Sweat pH monitoring is a routine indicator in wearable biotechnology. The state‐of‐the‐art sensors mostly rely on organic materials but face the risk of biological toxicity. WO 3 typical H + ‐sensitive inorganic material with chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low cost sensitivity slow response. Lattice intercalation herein proposed as an efficient approach that can greatly improve selectivity ‐based sensors. Specifically, lattice promote from monoclinic phase to cubic phase, which enhances ion exchange capacity between . resistance decreases more than two orders magnitudes, improves interfacial charge transport. occupancy leads only , thus increasing recognition. intercalated x exhibits much improved sensitivity, reversibility, response time. Additionally, integrated solid reference electrode miniaturized chip for sweat monitoring. sensor good potential even at curving over 270°. On‐body measurments show high accuracy compared ex situ analyses. This work emphasizes concept proton regulate recognition contacts.

Язык: Английский

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An Integrated Wearable Sweat Sensing Patch for Passive Continuous Analysis of Stress Biomarkers at Rest

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(9)

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2022

Abstract Real‐time monitoring of mental stress biomarkers in sweat provides the possibility to evaluate status a precise manner. In general, wearable sensors suffer from inconvenient collection, low levels diagnostic sweat, sophisticated signal processing, and challenges with data visualization. To overcome these challenges, herein an integrated sweat‐sensing patch for continuous analysis (cortisol, Mg 2+ , pH) at rest is demonstrated. The sensing comprised microfluidic chip, highly sensitive platform, on‐site processing circuitry (SPCs), smartphone installed home‐developed display software. collection realized using chip without perspiration assistance. A ternary composite electrode designed obtain good conductivity, high surface area, massive reactive sites, thereby yielding excellent electrochemical performances sensitivity trace biomarkers. SPC has function transduction, conditioning, wireless transmission. detection results can be displayed on through This work represents significant scientific technological advancement toward indexing used as innovative tool psychological diagnosis.

Язык: Английский

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