Fused heterocycle-based energetic materials (2012–2019)

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(8), С. 4193 - 4216

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Fused heterocycles are unique building blocks for the synthesis of a wide range high-performance energetic materials.

Язык: Английский

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Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 120(12), С. 5682 - 5744

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2020

The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains bonded atoms, is fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as uniquely situated the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically N–N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable that formation multiply N2 usually preferable. This unique placement makes for development high-energy-density materials, including explosives defense construction purposes, well propellants missile propulsion space exploration. review, designed a audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, metrics relevant energetic materials community provides an overview important classes ranging from theoretical investigation hypothetical practical application real-world materials. review intended provide detailed insight into synthesis decomposition such knowledge science new most chemists.

Язык: Английский

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Metal-Free Molecular Perovskite High-Energetic Materials

Crystal Growth & Design, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 20(3), С. 1891 - 1897

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2020

Metal-free energetic materials generally have the advantages of high gas yield and metal-free residue after combustion or explosion, enabling them to be widely used as explosives propellant components. As part a series our investigations on ABX3 molecular perovskite high-energetic materials, here we report five new members, (H2A)[NH4(ClO4)3], by using different organic cations H2A2+, i.e., 1-hydroxy-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diium for DAP-O4, piperazine-1,4-diium PAP-4, 1-methyl-piperazine-1,4-diium PAP-M4, homopiperazine-1,4-diium PAP-H4, 1-methyl-1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diium DAP-M4, respectively. Together with previously reported member, (H2dabco)[NH4(ClO4)3] (DAP-4, H2dabco2+ = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diium), these six provide nice instances fine-tune oxygen balance, crystal density, thermal stability, detonation performance, changing A-site solely. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations Kamlet–Jacob (K–J) equation suggested that improving balance while keeping spherical shape match anionic cage in facilitates obtaining better providing an important clue designing advanced practicable materials. It is worth noting three compounds (PAP-4, DAP-O4) are expected exceed performances RDX both explosive propellant, which DAP-O4 has highest heat (6.21 kJ mol–1), velocity (8.900 km s–1), pressure (35.7 GPa), well higher specific impulse value (262 s).

Язык: Английский

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Review of the decomposition and energy release mechanisms of novel energetic materials

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 483, С. 149202 - 149202

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A promising hydrogen peroxide adduct of ammonium cyclopentazolate as a green propellant component

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(25), С. 12334 - 12338

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

A novel hydrogen peroxide adduct of ammonium cyclopentazolate was successfully synthesized and shows promising application potential as a green propellant component.

Язык: Английский

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LiN5: A novel pentazolate salt with high nitrogen content

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 429, С. 132399 - 132399

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Review of the Current Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Pentazolate and Derivatives Thereof

Engineering, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(9), С. 981 - 991

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2020

The latest member of the azole family, pentazolate or cyclo-N5−, has received increased attention since its first mass-spectral detection by Christe et al. in 2002. As it is carbon- and hydrogen-free, anion can release large amounts energy while simultaneously decomposing to environmentally friendly nitrogen gas. Due these attractive qualities, cyclo-N5− related compounds are essential advancement high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) research. This review aims provide a consolidated report on all research done with focus pentazoles as energetic their experimental synthesis. Included this following: ① historical significance cyclo-N5−; ② precursors ③ synthesis routes arylpentazole precursors; ④ factors affecting stability ⑤ performances current cyclo-N5−-containing compounds; ⑥ future possible comprehensive summary understanding an effort further understand potential for adoption powerful next-generation explosive.

Язык: Английский

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High‐Pressure Synthesis of Metal–Inorganic Frameworks Hf₄N₂₀⋅N₂, WN₈⋅N₂, and Os₅N₂₈⋅3 N₂ with Polymeric Nitrogen Linkers

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 59(26), С. 10321 - 10326

Опубликована: Март 25, 2020

Abstract Polynitrides are intrinsically thermodynamically unstable at ambient conditions and require peculiar synthetic approaches. Now, a one‐step synthesis of metal–inorganic frameworks Hf 4 N 20 ⋅N 2 , WN 8 Os 5 28 ⋅3 via direct reactions between elements in diamond anvil cell pressures exceeding 100 GPa is reported. The porous (Hf ) built from transition‐metal atoms linked either by polymeric polydiazenediyl (polyacetylene‐like) nitrogen chains or through dinitrogen units. Triply bound molecules occupy channels these frameworks. Owing to conjugated chains, compounds exhibit metallic properties. high‐pressure reaction also leads non‐centrosymmetric polynitride 11 that features double‐helix catena‐poly[tetraz‐1‐ene‐1,4‐diyl] [−N−N−N=N−] ∞ .

Язык: Английский

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A simple and efficient method to synthesize high-nitrogen compounds: Incorporation of tetrazole derivatives with N5 chains

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 386, С. 124027 - 124027

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Stabilized Nitrogen Framework Anions in the Ga–N System

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 144(47), С. 21640 - 21647

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2022

Nitrogen-rich compounds have attracted significant fundamental and practical interest owing to their ability accommodate diverse nitrogen-bonding patterns feasibility as high-energy-density materials. Herein, we examine a wide range of chemical compositions in the compressed Ga-N system using first-principles structural search experimental preparation laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Our investigations theoretically identified three thermodynamically stable stoichiometries─GaN15, GaN10, GaN5─with surprisingly versatile polymeric nitrogen framework topologies. Strikingly, our results show that required synthetic pressures for forming phases GaN10 GaN5 are much lower than pure solid nitrogen. Finally, evaluated energy involved decomposing validated they promising candidates These findings broad implications designing synthesizing novel nitrogen-rich through reaction between p electron elements at modest chemistry under extreme conditions.

Язык: Английский

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