Mechanical properties and peculiarities of molecular crystals

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(9), С. 3098 - 3169

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Molecular crystals have shown remarkable adaptability in response to a range of external stimuli. Here, we survey this emerging field and provide critical overview the experimental, computational instrumental tools being used design apply such materials.

Язык: Английский

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Engineering Photomechanical Molecular Crystals to Achieve Extraordinary Expansion Based on Solid-State [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 144(14), С. 6278 - 6290

Опубликована: Март 15, 2022

Photomechanical molecular crystals are promising candidates for photoactuators and can potentially be implemented as smart materials in various fields. Here, we synthesized a new crystal, (E)-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)acrylaldehyde malononitrile ((E)-NAAM), that undergo solid-state [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction under visible light (≥400 nm) illumination. (E)-NAAM microcrystals containing symmetric twinned sealed cavities were prepared using surfactant-mediated crystal seeded growth method. When exposed to light, the hollow exhibited robust photomechanical motions, including bending dramatic directional expansion of up 43.1% elongation original length before fragmentation due photosalient effect. The inside could store different aqueous dye solutions approximately one month release instantly upon irradiation. A unique slow–fast–slow kinematic process was observed, suggesting significant rearrangements during illumination period, leading an average anisotropic 37.0% (±3.8%). structure geometry changes accompanying reaction, which propels photochemistry nearly 100% completion, also facilitate expansion. Our results provide possible way rationally design structures engineer morphologies promote more interesting behaviors.

Язык: Английский

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Photopolymerization‐Driven Macroscopic Mechanical Motions of a Composite Film Containing a Vinyl Coordination Polymer

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(20)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

We report a unique vinyl coordination polymer (CP), [Zn(4-Fb)2 (tkpvb)]n (1, 4-HFb=4-fluorobenzoic acid, tkpvb=1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-pyridylvinyl)benzene) that undergoes rare photopolymerization reaction to form two-dimensional CP integrated with one-dimensional linear organic polymer. Upon light irradiation at different wavelengths, 1 exhibits an unprecedented phenomenon of photoinduced nonlinear lattice expansion. can be uniformly dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) the composite film 1-PVA. When this is exposed UV light, internal minute stresses within crystallites are released by expansion, resulting variety photopolymerization-driven macroscopic mechanical motions. The findings provide new insights into conversion small expansions CPs motions based on reactions, which promote development CPs-based smart photoactuators burgeoning field microrobotics.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanical Effects of Elastic Crystals Driven by Natural Sunlight and Force

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(48)

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2023

Abstract Flexible crystals that can capture solar energy and convert it into mechanical are promising for a wide range of applications such as information storage actuators, but obtaining them remains challenge. Herein, an elastic crystal barbiturate derivative was found to be excellent candidate, demonstrating plastic bending behavior under natural sunlight irradiation. 1 H NMR high‐resolution mass spectrum data microcrystals before after light irradiation demonstrated light‐induced [2+2] cycloaddition the driving force photomechanical effects. Interestingly, retained even This is first report flexible driven by have both properties elasticity. Furthermore, regulation passive output direction transport objects applying forces demonstrated.

Язык: Английский

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Energy Conversion in Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Phase Transition Materials

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2021

Abstract Single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) phase transitions are direct structural evolutions of crystalline materials in the solid state without damage ordering crystal lattice. These multidimensional SCSC transition responsive to multiple external stimuli (heat, light, mechanical force, electricity, etc.), and have therefore demonstrated promising applications many fields such as sensors, actuators, artificial muscles, soft robotics, energy harvesting. The directionality cooperativity intermolecular interactions structures together with a sustained long‐range dynamics, fact that they can operate at high frequency, enable fast efficient conversion processes materials. In this review, analyzed by dividing them into different types transformation, from point view initiate drive transition, including thermo‐, photo‐, electric‐, mechanic‐induced dimensionality dependent characteristics these presented. Moreover, state‐of‐the‐art design fabrication well mechanisms their discussed. Finally, challenges future potentials also

Язык: Английский

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Intersectional Effects of Crystal Features on the Actuation Performance of Dynamic Molecular Crystals

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 145(22), С. 12173 - 12180

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Despite being researched for decades, shape-shifting molecular crystals have yet to claim their spot as an actuating materials class among the primary functional materials. While process developing and commercializing can be lengthy, it inevitably starts with building extensive knowledge base, which crystal actuators remains scattered disjointed. Using machine learning first time, we identify inherent features structure-function relationships that fundamentally impact mechanical response of actuators. Our model factor in different properties tandem decipher intersectional combined effects on each actuation performance. This analysis is open invitation utilize interdisciplinary expertise translating current basic research into technology-based development promotes large-scale experimentation prototyping.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanical Motion in Crystals Triggered by Solid State Photochemical [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction

Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(19), С. 2806 - 2816

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2021

Some special crystals respond to light by jumping, scattering or bursting just like popping of popcorn kernels on a hot surface. This rare phenomenon is called the photosalient (PS) effect. Molecular level control over arrangement light-responsive molecules in microscopic for macroscale deformation mechanical motion offers possibility using smart material structures across length scales. Photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition has recently emerged as promising route obtain photoswitchable and wide variety frameworks, but such reaction leading macroscopic relatively less explored. Study chemistry novel soft generation materials an imperative task. minireview highlights recent advances solid-state induce thereby transduction into kinetic energy.

Язык: Английский

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Fast photoactuation of elastic crystals based on 3-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2-phenylacrylonitriles triggered by subtle photoisomerization

Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(38), С. 14273 - 14281

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

The subtle photoisomerization of diarylacrylonitrile crystals can trigger rapid and significant mechanical motion, during which the crystal integrity is retained, favoring reversible bending unbending for more than 100 times without fatigue.

Язык: Английский

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Halogen effect in photomechanical molecular crystals

Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(47), С. 16452 - 16472

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Halogen-involved intermolecular interactions affect the stacking of photo-responsive chromophores and photochemical reactions in crystals. This review highlights halogen effect photomechanical

Язык: Английский

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Spatial photocontrol of the passive optical output direction of the elastic molecular crystals based on acylhydrazone derivatives

Dyes and Pigments, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 194, С. 109529 - 109529

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2021

Язык: Английский

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