Recent advance in the C–F bond functionalization of trifluoromethyl-containing compounds

Organic Chemistry Frontiers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(14), С. 3915 - 3942

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

The C–F bond is the strongest single in organic compounds.

Язык: Английский

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Recent progress in cathodic reduction-enabled organic electrosynthesis: Trends, challenges, and opportunities

eScience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2(3), С. 243 - 277

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2022

Compared with general redox chemistry, electrochemistry using the electron as a potent, controllable, yet traceless alternative to chemical oxidants/reductants usually offers more sustainable options for achieving selective organic synthesis. With its environmentally benign features gradually being uncovered and studied, electrosynthesis is currently undergoing revival becoming rapidly growing area within synthetic community. Among electrochemical transformations, anodically enabled ones have been far extensively exploited than those driven by cathodic reduction, although both approaches are conceptually attractive. To stimulate development of cathodically reactions, this review summarizes recently developed reductive electrosynthetic protocols, discussing highlighting reaction features, substrate scopes, applications, plausible mechanisms reveal recent trends in area. Herein, reduction-enabled preparative transformations categorized into four types: reduction (1) unsaturated hydrocarbons, (2) heteroatom-containing carbon-based systems, (3) saturated C-hetero or C–C polar/strained bonds, (4) hetero-hetero linkages. Apart from net electroreductive few examples photo-electrosynthesis well paired electrolysis also introduced, which offer opportunities overcome certain limitations improve versatility. The electrochemically driven, transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings that comprehensively discussed several other reviews not included here.

Язык: Английский

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Visible-light photoredox-catalyzed selective carboxylation of C(sp3)−F bonds with CO2

Chem, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(11), С. 3099 - 3113

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Difluorinated Architectures from Trifluoromethyl Groups

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 364(2), С. 234 - 267

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2021

Abstract Fluorine‐containing moieties are widely used in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material fields. Thus, these structures of immense interest fields organic synthesis medicinal chemistry. Among various fluorinated groups, difluoromethyl unit has drawn increasing attention due to its unique pharmaceutical properties. In recent years, several methods for difluoromethylated compounds have been rapidly developed. However, most treat aromatic with excess difluoromethylating reagents, which often contain organometallic compounds, so transformations generally less environmentally friendly atom‐economical. this review, we summarize development new motifs or difluoroalkenes from trifluoromethylated trifluoromethyl alkenes via single C( sp 3 )−F bond cleavage. magnified image

Язык: Английский

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Carbon dioxide cycle via electrocatalysis: Electrochemical carboxylation of CO2 and decarboxylative functionalization of carboxylic acids

Green Synthesis and Catalysis, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(1), С. 19 - 26

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

As one of the most important biogeochemical cycles, carbon dioxide (CO2) cycle between atmosphere and biosphere has a profound impact on life earth. Therefore, search for sustainable solutions to normalize currently unbalanced is central research topic many scientific disciplines. The green electrocatalysis offers very promising answer cycle. In this review, recent advances in enabled CO2 including electrochemical carboxylation decarboxylative functionalization carboxylic acids are highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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Nickel-catalyzed electrochemical carboxylation of unactivated aryl and alkyl halides with CO2

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2021

Electrochemical catalytic reductive cross couplings are powerful and sustainable methods to construct C-C bonds by using electron as the clean reductant. However, activated substrates used in most cases. Herein, we report a general practical electro-reductive Ni-catalytic system, realizing electrocatalytic carboxylation of unactivated aryl chlorides alkyl bromides with CO2. A variety bromides, iodides sulfonates can also undergo such reaction smoothly. Notably, realize electrochemical (pseudo)halides CO2 avoiding use sacrificial electrodes. Moreover, this economic strategy reductant features mild conditions, inexpensive catalyst, safe cheap electrodes, good functional group tolerance broad substrate scope. Mechanistic investigations indicate that might proceed via oxidative addition halides Ni(0) complex, reduction aryl-Ni(II) adduct Ni(I) species following

Язык: Английский

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Electrochemical Dearomative Dicarboxylation of Heterocycles with Highly Negative Reduction Potentials

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 144(8), С. 3685 - 3695

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

The dearomative dicarboxylation of stable heteroaromatics using CO2 is highly challenging but represents a very powerful method for producing synthetically useful dicarboxylic acids, which can potentially be employed as intermediates biologically active molecules such natural products and drug leads. However, these types transformations are still underdeveloped, concise methodologies with high efficiency (e.g., yield selectivity dicarboxylations) have not been reported. We herein describe new electrochemical protocol the radical anion (E1/2 = -2.2 V in DMF -2.3 CH3CN vs SCE) that produces unprecedented trans-oriented 2,3-dicarboxylic acids from N-Ac-, Boc-, Ph-protected indoles exhibit negative reduction potentials (-2.50 to -2.94 V). On basis calculated potentials, N-protected up -3 smoothly undergo desired dicarboxylation. Other heteroaromatics, including benzofuran, benzothiophene, electron-deficient furans, thiophenes, 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran, N-Boc-pyrazole, also more positive than served effective substrates dicarboxylations. dicarboxylated thus obtained derivatized into synthetic compounds few steps. show how monocarboxylation achieved selectively by choice electrolyte, solvent, protic additive; this strategy was then applied synthesis an octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid (Oic) derivative, proline analogue.

Язык: Английский

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Electrochemical Ring-Opening Dicarboxylation of Strained Carbon–Carbon Single Bonds with CO₂: Facile Synthesis of Diacids and Derivatization into Polyesters

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 144(5), С. 2062 - 2068

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2022

Diacids are important monomers in the polymer industry to construct valuable materials. Dicarboxylation of unsaturated bonds, such as alkenes and alkynes, with CO2 has been demonstrated a promising synthetic method. However, dicarboxylation C─C single bonds rarely investigated. Herein we report novel electrochemical ring-opening strained rings CO2. Structurally diverse glutaric acid adipic derivatives were synthesized from substituted cyclopropanes cyclobutanes moderate high yields. In contrast oxidative ring openings, this is also first realization an electroreductive reaction rings, including commercialized ones. Control experiments suggested that radical anions carbanions might be key intermediates reaction. Moreover, process features step atom economy, mild conditions (1 atm, room temperature), good chemoselectivity functional group tolerance, low electrolyte concentration, easy derivatization products. Furthermore, conducted polymerization corresponding diesters diols obtain potential UV-shielding material self-healing function fluorine-containing polyester, whose performance tests showed applications.

Язык: Английский

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Photochemical and electrochemical strategies in C–F bond activation and functionalization

Organic Chemistry Frontiers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(3), С. 853 - 873

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2021

The recent advances in photochemical or electrochemical C–F bond activation and functionalization have been summarized discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Electroreductive Dicarboxylation of Unactivated Skipped Dienes with CO₂

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(23)

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023

Carboxylation of easily available alkenes with CO2 is highly important to afford value-added carboxylic acids. Although dicarboxylation activated alkenes, especially 1,3-dienes, has been widely investigated, the challenging unactivated 1,n-dienes (n>3) remains unexplored. Herein, we report first skipped dienes via electrochemistry, affording valuable dicarboxylic Control experiments and DFT calculations support single electron transfer (SET) reduction its radical anion, which followed by sluggish addition SET unstabilized alkyl radicals carbanions nucleophilic attack on give desired products. This reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, facile derivations products promising application in polymer chemistry.

Язык: Английский

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