Abstract
Piezoelectric
materials
offer
great
promise
due
to
their
ability
generate
electric
fields
under
mechanical
stress,
producing
surface
charges
that
drive
otherwise
kinetically
sluggish
redox
reactions.
The
strained
surfaces
of
these
provide
a
unique
advantage
in
controlling
product
selectivity
and
enabling
reaction
pathways
are
unattainable
with
conventional
methods.
This
perspective
highlights
advancements,
challenges,
the
future
potential
piezoelectric
synthetic
organic
chemistry,
focus
on
designing
optimized
for
piezocatalyzed
synthesis.
Piezocatalysis
is
industrially
relevant
because
its
operational
simplicity,
mild,
gram
scale
synthesis
reusable
catalysts,
minimal
solvent
use,
air
tolerant
conditions.
It
involves
cycles
facilitate
one
electron
events
without
requiring
light
exposure
or
electrical
bias.
Despite
significant
progress,
many
fundamental
aspects
yet
be
fully
understood.
One
example
correlation
between
piezoelectricity
catalytic
activity,
which
not
always
linear,
as
demonstrated
by
comparison
tetragonal
cubic
BaTiO₃.
While
BaTiO₃
piezoelectric,
it
shows
excellent
activity
certain
reactions
such
arylation,
dicarbonylation,
cyclization
mechanochemical
conditions
comparable
Considering
all
aspects,
this
aims
stimulate
discussion
advance
promising
field
right
direction.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
63(20)
Опубликована: Март 4, 2024
Abstract
Birch
reduction
and
similar
dissolved
metal‐type
transformations
hold
significant
importance
in
the
organic
synthesis
toolbox.
Historically,
field
has
been
dominated
by
alkali
metal
reductants.
In
this
study,
we
report
that
largely
neglected,
low‐reactive
alkaline
earth
metals
can
become
powerful
affordable
reductants
when
used
a
ball
mill
under
essentially
solvent‐free
conditions,
presence
of
ethylenediamine
THF
as
liquid
additives.
Calcium
reduce
both
electron‐deficient
electron‐rich
arenes,
with
yields
products
to
those
obtained
lithium
metal.
Magnesium
reveals
enhanced
reducing
power,
enabling
benzoic
acids
while
keeping
aromatic
moieties
intact
allows
for
chemoselective
transformations.
The
developed
mechanochemical
approach
uses
readily
available
safer‐to‐handle
metals,
operates
air
ambient
temperature
be
gram‐scale
preparations.
Finally,
demonstrate
conditions
other
reductive
transformations,
including
amination,
deoxygenation,
dehalogenation,
alkene
alkyne
reductions.
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
30(47)
Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024
Mechanochemical
reactions,
achieved
through
milling,
grinding,
or
other
mechanical
actions,
have
emerged
as
a
solvent-free
alternative
to
traditional
solution-based
chemistry.
Mechanochemistry
not
only
provides
the
opportunity
eliminate
bulk
solvent
use,
reducing
waste
generation,
but
also
unveils
new
reaction
strategy
which
enables
realization
of
reactions
previously
inaccessible
in
solution.
While
majority
organic
facilitated
by
force
traditionally
follow
two-electron
transfer
pathways
similar
their
counterparts,
field
mechanochemically
induced
single-electron
(SET)
has
witnessed
rapid
development.
This
review
outlines
examples
mechanochemical
SET
process,
focusing
on
reagents
that
initiate
SET,
thereby
positioning
mechanochemistry
burgeoning
within
realm
Abstract
Piezoelectric
materials
offer
great
promise
due
to
their
ability
generate
electric
fields
under
mechanical
stress,
producing
surface
charges
that
drive
otherwise
kinetically
sluggish
redox
reactions.
The
strained
surfaces
of
these
provide
a
unique
advantage
in
controlling
product
selectivity
and
enabling
reaction
pathways
are
unattainable
with
conventional
methods.
This
perspective
highlights
advancements,
challenges,
the
future
potential
piezoelectric
synthetic
organic
chemistry,
focus
on
designing
optimized
for
piezocatalyzed
synthesis.
Piezocatalysis
is
industrially
relevant
because
its
operational
simplicity,
mild,
gram
scale
synthesis
reusable
catalysts,
minimal
solvent
use,
air
tolerant
conditions.
It
involves
cycles
facilitate
one
electron
events
without
requiring
light
exposure
or
electrical
bias.
Despite
significant
progress,
many
fundamental
aspects
yet
be
fully
understood.
One
example
correlation
between
piezoelectricity
catalytic
activity,
which
not
always
linear,
as
demonstrated
by
comparison
tetragonal
cubic
BaTiO₃.
While
BaTiO₃
piezoelectric,
it
shows
excellent
activity
certain
reactions
such
arylation,
dicarbonylation,
cyclization
mechanochemical
conditions
comparable
Considering
all
aspects,
this
aims
stimulate
discussion
advance
promising
field
right
direction.
