Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(5), С. 2350 - 2387

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field clean energy due to their advantages transparency, flexibility, low cost and light weight. Introducing them market enables seamless integration into buildings windows, while also supporting wearable, portable electronics internet-of-things (IoT) devices. With development photovoltaic materials optimization fabrication technology, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) OSCs rapidly improved now exceed 20%. However, there is significant lack focus on material stability device lifetime, causing severe hindrance commercial applications. In this review, we carefully review important strategies employed improve over past three years from perspectives design engineering. Furthermore, analyze discuss current progress terms air, light, thermal mechanical stability. Finally, propose future research directions overcome challenges achieving highly stable OSCs. We expect that will contribute solving problem OSCs, eventually paving way for applications near future.

Язык: Английский

---

Oligomerized Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(46)

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2023

Abstract Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted wide research attention in the past decades. Very recently, oligomerized fused‐ring electron acceptors (OFREAs) emerged as a promising alternative to small‐molecular/polymeric acceptor‐based OSCs due their unique advantages such well‐defined structures, batch reproducibility, good film formation, low diffusion coefficient, and excellent stability. So far, rapid advances been made development of OFREAs consisting directly/rigidly/flexibly linked oligomers fused ones. In this Minireview, we systematically summarized recent progress OFREAs, including structural diversity, synthesis approach, molecular conformation packing, long‐term Finally, conclude with future perspectives on challenges be addressed potential directions. We believe that Minireview will encourage novel for OSC applications.

Язык: Английский

---

Unidirectional Sidechain Engineering to Construct Dual‐Asymmetric Acceptors for 19.23 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Low Energy Loss and Efficient Charge Transfer

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(36)

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2023

Achieving both high open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and short-circuit current density (Jsc to boost power-conversion efficiency (PCE) is a major challenge for organic solar cells (OSCs), wherein energy loss (Eloss inefficient charge transfer usually take place. Here, three new Y-series acceptors of mono-asymmetric asy-YC11 dual-asymmetric bi-asy-YC9 bi-asy-YC12 are developed. They share the same asymmetric D1 AD2 (D1 =thieno[3,2-b]thiophene D2 =selenopheno[3,2-b]thiophene) fused-core but have different unidirectional sidechain on side, allowing fine-tuned molecular properties, such as intermolecular interaction, packing pattern, crystallinity. Among binary blends, PM6 : one has better morphology with appropriate phase separation higher order than asy-YC9 bi-asy-YC11 ones. Therefore, bi-asy-YC12-based OSCs offer PCE 17.16 % Voc Jsc , due reduced Eloss efficient properties. Inspired by strong NIR-absorption, introduced into L8-BO construct ternary OSCs. Thanks broadened absorption, optimized morphology, furtherly minimized achieve champion 19.23 %, which highest efficiencies among these annealing-free devices. Our developed engineering constructing bi-asymmetric provides an approach

Язык: Английский

---

Electronic Configuration Tuning of Centrally Extended Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Enabling Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Approaching 19 %

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(42)

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2023

In the molecular optimizations of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), extending central core can tune energy levels, reduce nonradiative loss, enhance intramolecular (donor-acceptor and acceptor-acceptor) packing, facilitate charge transport, improve device performance. this study, a new strategy was employed to synthesize featuring conjugation-extended electron-deficient cores. Among these, acceptor CH-BBQ, embedded with benzobisthiadiazole, exhibited an optimal fibrillar network morphology, enhanced crystallinity, improved generation/transport in blend films, leading power conversion efficiency 18.94 % for CH-BBQ-based ternary organic solar cells (OSCs; 18.19 binary OSCs) owing its delicate structure design electronic configuration tuning. Both experimental theoretical approaches were used systematically investigate influence on properties The modulation paves pathway engineering NFAs, propelling relevant research forward.

Язык: Английский

---

A Pyrene‐Fused Dimerized Acceptor for Ternary Organic Solar Cells with 19% Efficiency and High Thermal Stability

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2023

A pyrene-fused dimerized electron acceptor has been successfully synthesized and subsequently incorporated as the third component in ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). Diverging from traditional acceptors with a linear configuration, this novel displays distinctive "butterfly-like" structure, comprising two Y-acceptors wings fused pyrene-based backbone. The extended π-conjugated backbone electron-donating nature of pyrene enable new to show low solubility, elevated glass transition temperature (Tg ), low-lying frontier energy levels. Consequently, seamlessly integrates into OSCs, enhancing transporting properties, reducing non-radiative voltage loss, elevating open-circuit voltage. These merits have enabled OSCs an exceptional efficiency 19.07%, marked improvement compared 17.6% attained binary OSCs. More importantly, high Tg exhibited by helps stabilize morphology photoactive layer thermal-treated at 70 °C, retaining 88.7% over 600 hours. For comparison, experience decline 73.7% after same duration. results indicate that design incorporation unit is promising strategy development for

Язык: Английский

---

Regiospecific Incorporation of Acetylene Linker in High‐Electron Mobility Dimerized Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells with High Efficiency (18.8%) and Long 1‐Sun Lifetime (> 5000 h)

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(34)

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2023

Abstract The commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) requires both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability. However, the lifetime OSCs containing small‐molecule acceptors (SMA) should be significantly enhanced. In this study, a series planarity‐controlled is developed, electron mobility dimerized SMAs (DSMAs) realize with high‐performance (PCE = 18.8%) high‐stability ( t 80% 5380 h under 1‐Sun illumination). An acetylene linker planar triple bond designed for dimerization SMA units to afford backbone planarity necessary achieve crystallinity mobility. To further engineer molecular conformation DSMAs, different regioisomers Y‐based are yield three regioisomerically distinct denoted as DYA‐I, DYA‐IO, DYA‐O, respectively. It found that crystallinity, mobility, glass transition temperature DSMAs gradually increase in order which, turn, enhance PCE device stability resulting OSCs; DYA‐O 16.45% 3337 h) < DYA‐IO 17.54% 4255 DYA‐I 18.83% h).

Язык: Английский

---

Two-Dimensional Conjugation Extended CH-Series Acceptors with a Distinctive A–D–A Character

Accounts of Materials Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(9), С. 772 - 785

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2023

ConspectusAs one of the most important indicators for evaluating photovoltaic devices, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) first-class organic solar cells (OSCs) have reached level ∼20%, but they still lag far behind that over 25% their inorganic counterparts. With similar if not better fill factor and short-circuit current, this wide gap PCEs should be fundamentally attributed to greatly larger nonradiative energy losses in OSCs, which are usually above 0.2 eV OSCs only 0.03–0.04 high-performance cells. Note stubbornly severe recombination is associated with multiple characteristics light-harvesting molecules, such as intrinsically large exciton binding energies small relative dielectric constants, defective intermolecular packing networks, or more crystal defects caused by flexibility molecular skeletons, nonideal nanoscale film morphologies, so on. All factors require rational design molecules carried out at single molecule also aggregation levels further dramatic improvement PCE achieved OSCs.In Account, we will first expound unique merits acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) type materials frontier orbital distribution, tuning, packings, meanwhile revealing dominant role A–D–A facilitating charge transfer/transport, suppressing loss, improving performance eventually. In light conspicuous superiority a convincing conclusion can made exploration novel crucially shrink between Second, our recent studies really exciting platform (CH-series) discussed comprehensively, involving various nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) molecular, dimer-like, polymerized architectures. distinctive feature CH-series NFAs two-dimensional (2D) conjugation extension, especially central units. Therefore, favorable effects 2D extension these on fundamental physicochemical properties, modes, blended parameters, resulting fully discussed. Abiding unveiled rules NFAs, highest approaching 20% has been based molecules. The evolution path previous traditional PCBM, ITIC, Y6, etc. could lesson; very likely offer great capable achieving record-breaking along much decreased losses, considering structural modification possibilities. Finally, despite rapidly surging there several insurmountable hurdles when attempting break through bottlenecks existing OSCs. propose some perspectives conducted may conquer challenge too thus boost toward commercial applications further.

Язык: Английский

---

Modular‐Approach Synthesis of Giant Molecule Acceptors via Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation for Stable Polymer Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(35)

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2023

The operational stability of polymer solar cells is a critical concern with respect to the thermodynamic relaxation acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) or A-DA'D-A structured small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) within their blends donors. Giant molecule (GMAs) bearing SMAs as subunits offer solution this issue, while classical synthesis via Stille coupling suffers from low reaction efficiency and difficulty in obtaining mono-brominated SMA, rendering approach impractical for large-scale low-cost preparation. In study, we present simple cost-effective challenge through Lewis acid-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation boron trifluoride etherate (BF3 ⋅ OEt2 ) catalyst. We demonstrated that monoaldehyde-terminated A-D-CHO unit methylene-based A-link-A (or its silyl enol ether counterpart) substrates can be quantitatively achieved 30 minutes presence acetic anhydride, affording variety GMAs connected flexible conjugated linkers. photophysical properties was fully studied, yielding high device over 18 %. Our findings promising alternative modular yields, easier work up, widespread application such methodology will undoubtedly accelerate progress stable cells.

Язык: Английский

---

Molecular Packing and Dielectric Property Optimization through Peripheral Halogen Swapping Enables Binary Organic Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 18.77%

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(31)

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2023

Abstract Peripheral halogen regulations can endow non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with enhanced features as organic semi‐conductors and further boost efficient solar cells (OSCs). Herein, based on a remarkable molecular platform of CH14 more than six halogenation positions, preferred NFA CH23 is constructed by synergetic swapping both central end units, rendering the overall enlarged dipole moment, packing density thus relative dielectric constant. Consequently, CH23‐based binary OSC reaches an excellent efficiency 18.77% due to its improved charge transfer/transport dynamics, much better that 17.81% for control CH14. This work demonstrates great potential achieving state‐of‐the‐art OSCs delicately regulating formula these newly explored CH‐series NFAs.

Язык: Английский

---

Ultra Robust and Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Over 18 % Efficiency Realized by Incorporating a Linker Dimerized Acceptor

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(41)

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2023

The wearable application of flexible organic solar cells (f-OSCs) necessitates high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical robustness. However, photoactive films based on efficient non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs) are typically brittle, leading to poor stability in devices. In this study, we achieved a remarkable PCE 18.06 % f-OSCs while maintaining ultrahigh robustness (with crack-onset strain (COS) higher than 11 %) by incorporating linker dimerized acceptor (DOY-TVT). Compared binary blends, ternary systems exhibit reduced non-radiative recombination, suppressed crystallization diffusion NF-SMAs, improved load distribution across the chain networks, enabling dissipation energy. Thus, developed study achieved, stability, surpassing OSCs. Moreover, retained 97 initial even after 3000 bending cycles, indicating excellent (9.1 systems). Furthermore, rigid device with inverted structure optimal active layer exhibited substantial increase retention, 89.6 865 h at 85 °C 93 more 1300 shelf storage 25 °C. These findings highlight potential oligomer for realizing high-performing

Язык: Английский

---