Colloidal hard spheres: Triumphs, challenges, and mysteries

Reviews of Modern Physics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96(4)

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Microbes in porous environments: from active interactions to emergent feedback

Biophysical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(2), С. 173 - 188

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Microbes thrive in diverse porous environments-from soil and riverbeds to human lungs cancer tissues-spanning multiple scales conditions. Short- long-term fluctuations local factors induce spatio-temporal heterogeneities, often leading physiologically stressful settings. How microbes respond adapt such biophysical constraints is an active field of research where considerable insight has been gained over the last decades. With a focus on bacteria, here we review recent advances self-organization dispersal inorganic organic settings, highlighting role interactions feedback that mediates microbial survival fitness. We discuss open questions opportunities for using integrative approaches advance our understanding strategies which employ at various make settings habitable.

Язык: Английский

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Steering Micromotors via Reprogrammable Optoelectronic Paths

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(6), С. 5894 - 5904

Опубликована: Март 13, 2023

Steering micromotors is important for using them in practical applications and as model systems active matter. This functionality often requires magnetic materials the micromotor, taxis behavior of or use specifically designed physical boundaries. Here, we develop an optoelectronic strategy that steers with programmable light patterns. In this strategy, illumination turns hydrogenated amorphous silicon conductive, generating local electric field maxima at edge pattern attracts via positive dielectrophoresis. As example, metallo-dielectric Janus microspheres self-propelled under alternating current fields were steered by static patterns along customized paths through complex microstructures. Their long-term directionality was also rectified ratchet-shaped Furthermore, dynamic varied space time enabled more advanced motion controls such multiple modes, parallel control micromotors, collection transport motor swarms. steering highly versatile compatible a variety thus it possesses potential their environments.

Язык: Английский

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Three-dimensional spontaneous flow transition in a homeotropic active nematic

Communications Physics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2024

Abstract Active nematics are driven, non-equilibrium systems relevant to biological processes including tissue mechanics and morphogenesis, active metamaterials in general. We study the three-dimensional spontaneous flow transition of an nematic infinite slab geometry using a combination numerics analytics. show that it is determined by interplay two eigenmodes – called S- D-mode unstable at same activity threshold spontaneously breaks both rotational symmetry chiral symmetry. The onset modes described non-Hermitian integro-differential operator, which we determine their exponential growth rates from perturbation theory. S-mode fastest growing. After reaches finite amplitude, anisotropic, being promoted perpendicular suppressed parallel it, forming steady state with full director field well-defined chirality. Lastly, derive model leading-order time evolution system close threshold.

Язык: Английский

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Self-assembly of chromatic patchy particles with tetrahedrally arranged patches

Soft Matter, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

The achievement of selectivity in the formation cubic diamond is challenging due to emergence competing phases such as its hexagonal polymorph or clathrates possessing similar free energy.

Язык: Английский

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Bacterial Adhesion on Soft Surfaces: The Dual Role of Substrate Stiffness and Bacterial Growth Stage

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(3), С. 637 - 637

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

The surface adhesion and stiffness of underlying substrates mediate the geometry, mechanics, self-organization expanding bacterial colonies. Recent studies have qualitatively indicted that may impact attachment accumulation, yet variation in cell-to-surface with substrate remains to be quantified. Here, by developing a cell-level force–distance spectroscopy (FDS) technique based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), we simultaneously quantify cell–surface reveal stiffness-dependent phototrophic bacterium Chromatium okenii. As soft substrate, modeled using low-melting-point (LMP) agarose pad, was varied between 20 kPa 120 changing concentrations, observed progressive increase mean over an order magnitude, from 0.21±0.10 nN 2.42±1.16 nN. In contrast, passive polystyrene (PS) microparticles comparable dimensions showed no perceptible change their adhesion, confirming adhesive interaction C. okenii is biological origin. Furthermore, for Escherichia coli, 0.29±0.17 0.39±0.20 nN, showing weak dependence stiffness, thus suggesting stiffness-modulated species-specific trait. Finally, quantifying population across different timescales, reported emergent co-existence strongly adherent sub-populations, demonstrating diversification phenotypes growth stages. Taken together, these findings suggest bacteria, depending species physiological stage, actively modulate response surfaces. While properties, instance, hydrophobicity (or hydrophilicity), play key role mediating attachment, this work introduces as biophysical parameter could reinforce or suppress effective interactions. Our results how bacteria leverage diversity therein functional traits initial to, colonization of, proliferation during early stages biofilm development.

Язык: Английский

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Ordering Enhancement of Ion Bombardment-Induced Nanoripple Patterns: A Review

Nanomaterials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(6), С. 438 - 438

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Low-energy ion bombardment (IB) has emerged as a promising, maskless nanofabrication tool for quasi-periodic nanoripples, marked by high throughput and low cost. As templates, these IB-induced, self-organized surface nanoripples have shown potential applications in diverse fields. However, the challenge of tailoring ordering ripple patterns is preventing widespread application IB. Moreover, enhancement nanostructures involves fundamental academic questions nanoripple coupling (or superimposition) guided self-organization. This review first focuses on experimental progress made developing representative strategies IB-induced terms beams targets. Second, we present our understanding developments from perspectives superposition In particular, basic conditions under non-conservation mass are deduced based common features results rocking bombardments single material bilayer systems, providing insight into mechanisms at play deepening observations. Finally, areas future research given, with aim improving viewpoints superimposition All this may re-stimulate interest field will be importance advancing practical nanopatterns.

Язык: Английский

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Discovering interaction mechanisms in crowds via deep generative surrogate experiments

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Understanding pedestrian crowd dynamics is a fundamental challenge in active matter physics and crucial for efficient urban infrastructure design. Complexity emerges from social interactions, which are often qualitatively modeled as distance-based additive forces. Endeavors towards quantitative characterizations have been limited by trade-off between parametric control laboratory studies statistical resolution of large-scale real-world measurements. To bridge this gap, we propose virtual surrogate experimentation paradigm that combines laboratory-like with resolution. Our approach hinges on generative simulation model based graph neural networks, train tracking data validate against key properties dynamics. experiments not only reproduce known experimental results collision avoidance, but also reveal new insights into N-body interactions crowds, remained poorly understood. We find these topological, individuals reacting to number neighbors within narrow field view. study exemplifies how data-driven approaches can uncover interaction structures systems, even when uncontrolled measurements available. This opens avenues scientific discovery complex systems where prohibitive, animal behavior opinion formation.

Язык: Английский

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FluidFM Deposition of Semicondutor Quantum Dots From Aqueous Dispersions

Nano Select, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2025

ABSTRACT FluidFM deposition, also known as pressure‐controlled and force‐controlled micropipetting, of nanomaterials suspended in fluidic carrier liquids is a capillary‐driven, high‐precision liquid‐in‐liquid deposition manipulation technique biofluidic environments. In this work, we report on its usage liquid‐on‐solid structuring from an aqueous dispersion colloidal inorganic semiconductor Ag–In–S quantum dots (QDs) stabilized with glutathione ligands solid substrates. We show the recurrent (3 3 matrix) characterization three‐dimensional liquid‐in‐air deposits formed by structured sedimentation QDs gold‐coated glass substrates upon via bottom‐up self‐assembly. As critical facts for successful turn out: The nature dispersion, possibility careful adjustment regarding density composition, effective surface energy engineering both cantilever mediated chemical vapor physical respectively. This way, minimal lateral dimensions obtained were (500 40) µm, evaporation‐limited contact‐line widths (2.0 0.5) µm.

Язык: Английский

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Three-dimensional model for surface accumulation of chiral and nonchiral microswimmers

Physical review. E, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 111(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

Язык: Английский

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