Energy & Fuels,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
37(20), С. 15832 - 15842
Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2023
The
rapid
rise
in
global
plastic
production
recent
decades
has
resulted
the
massive
generation
of
waste.
Over
75%
waste
generated
United
States
was
sent
to
landfills,
with
a
meager
8.7%
recycled.
Plastics
are
valuable
feedstocks
for
platform
chemicals
and
fuels.
Chemical
upcycling
high-density
polyethylene
(HDPE)
is
gaining
more
attention
as
potentially
feasible
environmentally
friendly
management
technology.
Conventional
pyrolysis
(CPY)
thermal
oxo-degradation
(TOD)
two
chemical
technologies
actively
researched
decomposing
HDPE
into
However,
there
few
studies
on
techno-economic
analysis
(TEA)
life
cycle
assessment
(LCA)
these
converting
products.
This
study
conducts
comparative
TEA
LCA
thermochemical
decomposition
produce
gaseous
(ethylene
propylene)
liquid
(naphtha,
diesel,
wax)
products
by
CPY
TOD.
elucidates
compares
impact
hydrocracking
longer
chain
hydrocarbons
LCA.
showed
that
fixed
capital
investment
could
range
from
$32.5
million
TOD
without
$244
scenarios.
Annual
revenues
$28.1
$71.5
favor
scenarios
hydrocracking.
net
present
value
ranges
$1.4
$265.8
Sensitivity
cost,
facility
capacity,
product
prices
have
biggest
process
economics
facilities,
while
utilities
transportation
refineries
environmental
impacts.
primary
can
be
than
virgin
petroleum
processes.
emissions
those
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(3), С. 965 - 978
Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023
Over
400
million
metric
tons
of
plastic
waste
are
generated
globally
each
year,
resulting
in
pollution
and
lost
resources.
Recycling
strategies
can
recapture
this
wasted
material,
but
there
is
a
lack
quantitative
transparent
data
on
the
capabilities
impacts
these
processes.
Here,
we
develop
set
material
quality,
retention,
circularity,
contamination
tolerance,
minimum
selling
price,
greenhouse
gas
emissions,
energy
use,
land
toxicity,
generation,
water
use
metrics
for
closed-loop
polymer
recycling
technologies,
including
mechanical
solvent-based
dissolution
polyethylene,
polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET),
polypropylene,
as
well
enzymatic
hydrolysis,
glycolysis,
vapor
methanolysis
PET.
Mechanical
PET
glycolysis
display
best
economic
(9%–73%
lower
than
competing
technologies)
environmental
(7%–88%
lower)
performances,
while
dissolution,
provide
recyclate
qualities
(2%–27%
higher).
We
identify
electricity,
steam,
organic
solvents
top
process
contributors
to
apply
sensitivity
multicriteria
decision
analyses
highlight
key
future
research
areas.
The
estimates
derived
work
baseline
comparing
improving
help
reclaimers
optimal
end-of-life
routes
given
streams,
serve
framework
assessing
innovations.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
124(16), С. 9457 - 9579
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2024
The
large
production
volumes
of
commodity
polyolefins
(specifically,
polyethylene,
polypropylene,
polystyrene,
and
poly(vinyl
chloride)),
in
conjunction
with
their
low
unit
values
multitude
short-term
uses,
have
resulted
a
significant
pressing
waste
management
challenge.
Only
small
fraction
these
is
currently
mechanically
recycled,
the
rest
being
incinerated,
accumulating
landfills,
or
leaking
into
natural
environment.
Since
are
energy-rich
materials,
there
considerable
interest
recouping
some
chemical
value
while
simultaneously
motivating
more
responsible
end-of-life
management.
An
emerging
strategy
catalytic
depolymerization,
which
portion
C-C
bonds
polyolefin
backbone
broken
assistance
catalyst
and,
cases,
additional
molecule
reagents.
When
products
molecules
materials
higher
own
right,
as
feedstocks,
process
called
upcycling.
This
review
summarizes
recent
progress
for
four
major
upcycling
strategies:
hydrogenolysis,
(hydro)cracking,
tandem
processes
involving
metathesis,
selective
oxidation.
Key
considerations
include
macromolecular
reaction
mechanisms
relative
to
mechanisms,
design
transformations,
effect
conditions
on
product
selectivity.
Metrics
describing
critically
evaluated,
an
outlook
future
advances
described.
The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025
Abstract
The
increasing
demand
for
sustainable
energy
sources
has
driven
significant
advancements
in
the
field
of
bio‐oil
production.
This
article
scrutinizes
catalytic
pyrolysis
its
ability
to
improve
characteristics
through
use
catalysts
and
optimization
process
conditions.
Critical
parameters
such
as
reaction
temperature,
heating
rate,
biomass
feedstock,
catalyst
type
are
analyzed
their
influence
on
properties.
Innovations
design,
including
development
hierarchical
zeolites,
metal
oxides,
bifunctional
catalysts,
explored
efficacy
deoxygenation,
minimizing
coke
formation,
stabilizing
bio‐oil.
Additionally,
advanced
techniques
like
plasma
co‐pyrolysis
with
diverse
feedstocks
investigated
further
enhance
quality.
techno‐economic
analysis
is
conducted
assess
feasibility
these
novel
techniques,
considering
fixed
variable
costs,
market
potential
produced
aims
provide
a
holistic
perspective
economic
viability
scalability
research
contributes
very
recent
advancement
production
technologies,
offering
insights
into
optimizing
innovations.
findings
facilitate
more
efficient
economically
viable
methods,
supporting
transition
renewable
sources.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Июль 4, 2024
Abstract
The
chemical
recycling
of
polyester
wastes
is
great
significance
for
sustainable
development,
which
also
provides
an
opportunity
to
access
various
oxygen-containing
chemicals,
but
generally
suffers
from
low
efficiency
or
separation
difficulty.
Herein,
we
report
anatase
TiO
2
supported
Ru
and
Mo
dual-atom
catalysts,
achieve
transformation
polyesters
into
corresponding
diols
in
100%
selectivity
via
hydrolysis
subsequent
hydrogenation
water
under
mild
conditions
(e.g.,
160
°C,
4
MPa).
Compelling
evidence
provided
the
coexistence
single-atom
O-bridged
sites
within
this
kind
catalysts.
It
verified
that
activate
H
carboxylic
acid
derived
hydrolysis,
suppress
hydrodeoxygenation
resultant
alcohols
due
a
high
reaction
energy
barrier.
Notably,
catalysts
can
be
regenerated
with
activity
stability.
This
work
presents
effective
way
reconstruct
valuable
diols,
may
have
promising
application
potential.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2024
The
surge
in
global
plastic
production,
reaching
400.3
million
tons
2022,
has
exacerbated
environmental
pollution,
with
only
11%
of
being
recycled.
Catalytic
recycling,
particularly
through
hydrogenolysis
and
hydrocracking,
offers
a
promising
avenue
for
upcycling
polyolefin
plastic,
comprising
55%
waste.
This
study
investigates
the
influence
water
on
depolymerization
using
Ru
catalysts,
revealing
promotional
effect
when
both
metal
acid
sites,
Brønsted
site,
are
present.
Findings
highlight
impact
content,
metal-acid
balance,
their
proximity
this
interaction,
as
well
role
modulating
isomerization
process,
affecting
product
selectivity.
Additionally,
interaction
facilitates
suppression
coke
formation,
ultimately
enhancing
catalyst
stability.
A
comprehensive
techno-economic
life
cycle
assessment
underscores
viability
benefits
presence
water.
These
insights
advance
understanding
offer
strategies
optimizing
recycling
processes.
hydrocracking
present
approach
plastics.
Here,
authors
catalytic
upcycling,
emphasizing
that
catalysts
an
optimal
balance
significantly
improve
polyethylene
is
A
novel
waste
plastic
pyrolysis
oil
hydrocracking
process
uniquely
integrating
simulation
with
advanced
deep
learning
models
for
multi-objective
optimization.
