Here,
we
report
a
comparative
study
of
different
sum
parameter
analysis
methods
for
the
extraction
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
from
manufactured
consumer
products,
which
can
be
measured
by
combustion
ion
chromatography
(CIC).
Therefore,
hydrolysis-based
method
was
further
developed,
accounts
addition
hydrolyzable
covalently
bound
polyfluoroalkylated
side-chain
polymers
(SFPs)
to
extractable
organic
fluorine
portion
mass
balance
proposed
as
"hydrolyzable
organically
fluorine"
(HOF).
To
test
this
hypothesis,
applied
39
products
containing
fluoropolymers
or
monomeric
PFAS
taken
four
categories:
outdoor
textiles,
paper
packaging,
carpeting,
permanent
baking
sheets.
Additionally,
efficiency
evaluated
based
on
synthesized
fluorotelomer
polyacrylate
reference
compounds.
For
reference,
established
protocols
measuring
total
(TF)
(EOF)
through
CIC.
The
TF
values
ranged
sub-ppb
%-levels,
depending
compound
class.
All
samples
showed
results
hydrolyzed
organofluorine
(HOF)
between
0.03-76.3
µg/g,
while
most
EOF
were
lower
(
Chemosphere,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
351, С. 141200 - 141200
Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2024
Here,
we
report
a
comparative
study
of
different
sum
parameter
analysis
methods
for
the
extraction
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
from
manufactured
consumer
products,
which
can
be
measured
by
combustion
ion
chromatography
(CIC).
Therefore,
hydrolysis-based
method
was
further
developed,
accounts
addition
hydrolyzable
covalently
bound
polyfluoroalkylated
side-chain
polymers
(SFPs)
to
extractable
organic
fluorine
portion
mass
balance
proposed
as
"hydrolyzable
organically
fluorine"
(HOF).
To
test
this
hypothesis,
applied
39
products
containing
fluoropolymers
or
monomeric
PFAS
taken
four
categories:
outdoor
textiles,
paper
packaging,
carpeting,
permanent
baking
sheets.
We
also
evaluated
method's
efficiency
extracting
synthesized
fluorotelomer
polyacrylate
reference
compounds.
The
total
(TF)
(EOF)
values
were
through
CIC
using
established
protocols.
TF
ranged
sub-ppb
%-levels,
depending
on
compound
class.
All
samples
showed
results
hydrolyzed
organofluorine
(HOF)
between
0.03
76.3
μg/g,
while
most
EOF
lower
(
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
58(35), С. 15799 - 15806
Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024
Reverse
osmosis
(RO)
is
increasingly
used
in
drinking
water
production
to
effectively
remove
micropollutants,
such
as
perfluoroalkyl
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS).
However,
RO
membranes
themselves
may
contain
PFAS,
which
can
potentially
leach
into
treated
water.
Leaching
experiments
direct
total
oxidizable
precursor
assays
revealed
the
presence
leaching
potential
of
PFOS
(branched
linear),
PFBA,
PFHxA,
PFNA,
PFOA
five
selected
commercial
membranes.
This
resulted
release
tens
milligrams
ΣPFAS
per
membrane
element
production.
Depending
on
assumptions
made
regarding
kinetics
volume
produced
element,
predicted
concentrations
ranged
from
less
than
one
up
hundreds
pg/L.
These
are
two
four
orders
magnitude
lower
those
currently
observed
Dutch
waters.
The
origin
PFAS
remains
unclear.
Further
research
needed
bridge
gap
between
laboratory
conditions
this
study
real-world
for
a
full
understanding
scenarios.
Such
an
critical
producers
using
technologies
proactively
manage
mitigate
contamination.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
967, С. 178644 - 178644
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
This
manuscript
systematically
reviews
156
peer-reviewed
articles
on
methods
for
estimating
total
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS),
following
preferred
reporting
items
systematic
meta-analyses
(PRISMA)
guidelines.
Direct
indirect
of
PFAS
include
targeted
analysis,
fluorine
(TF),
organic
(TOF),
extractable
(EOF),
absorbable
(AOF),
oxidizable
precursor
(TOP)
assay.
Combustion
ion
chromatography
(CIC)
was
the
most
utilized
method
(>50%),
followed
by
particle-induced
gamma-ray
emission
(PIGE,
9%)
high-resolution-continuum
source
graphite
furnace
molecular
absorption
spectrometry
(HR-CS-GFMAS,
6%).
Techniques
like
instrumental
neutron
activation
analysis
(INAA)
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR)
were
less
common.
A
geographic
bias
evident,
with
69%
studies
from
US
(33%),
Sweden
(12%),
China
Germany
(11%).
Most
research
environmental
samples
(water,
soil,
sediments),
while
significant
data
gaps
noted
in
South
America,
Africa,
atmospheric
PFAS.
Challenges
inter-laboratory
comparisons
arise
inconsistent
units
(e.g.,
mg/L,
μg/m3,
%,
etc.).
About
75%
involved
pre-treatment
solvent
extraction,
sorbents),
25%
did
not.
detection
limit
observed
concentrations
varied
widely,
low
water
(ng/L)
to
higher
levels
biota,
products
(mg/L).
Limitations
contradictory
results
when
complementary
techniques
are
applied
same
sample,
potentially
leading
over-
or
under-estimation.
Across
studies,
a
substantial
fraction
TF
remains
unaccounted
for,
highlighting
need
non-targeted
screening
(NTS)
identify
unknown
(UPFAS
UOPFAS).
Bridging
these
is
critical
advancing
risk
assessment.
Global
textile
production,
driven
by
consumer
demand,
raises
significant
concerns
about
chemical
exposures
from
clothing
and
related
products.
This
review
synthesizes
evidence
(2019–2025)
on
hazardous
substances
in
textiles,
including
dyes,
plasticizers,
per-
polyfluoroalkyl
(PFAS),
metals,
evaluates
their
human
health
risks.
Focusing
dermal
absorption
as
the
primary
exposure
route,
risks
to
vulnerable
populations
(e.g.,
infants,
pregnant
women)
gaps
regulatory
frameworks
are
highlighted.
The
current
analysis
reveals
that
chronic
mixtures
textiles
remains
poorly
understood,
with
safety
assessments
often
neglecting
synergistic
effects.
Key
findings
include
elevated
phthalates
infant
clothing,
PFAS
water-repellent
fabrics,
carcinogenic
aromatic
amines
azo
dyes.
We
underscore
urgency
of
harmonized
global
regulations,
advanced
biomonitoring,
sustainable
alternatives
enzymatic
biodegradable
finishes).
Public
awareness
initiatives
stricter
enforcement
certifications
OEKO-TEX®,
GOTS)
critical
mitigating
Integrating
health-centric
approaches
into
sustainability
agendas
is
imperative
for
safeguarding
consumers
ecosystems.
Global
textile
production,
driven
by
consumer
demand,
raises
significant
concerns
about
chemical
exposures
from
clothing
and
related
products.
This
review
synthesizes
evidence
(2019–2025)
on
hazardous
substances
in
textiles,
including
dyes,
plasticizers,
per-
polyfluoroalkyl
(PFAS),
metals,
identifies
categorizes
their
associated
human
health
risks.
Focusing
dermal
absorption
as
the
primary
exposure
route,
risks
to
vulnerable
populations
(e.g.,
infants,
pregnant
women)
gaps
regulatory
frameworks
are
highlighted.
The
current
analysis
reveals
that
chronic
mixtures
textiles
remains
poorly
understood,
with
safety
assessments
often
neglecting
synergistic
effects.
Key
findings
include
elevated
phthalates
infant
clothing,
PFAS
water-repellent
fabrics,
carcinogenic
aromatic
amines
azo
dyes.
We
underscore
urgency
of
harmonized
global
regulations,
advanced
biomonitoring,
sustainable
alternatives
enzymatic
biodegradable
finishes).
Public
awareness
initiatives
stricter
enforcement
certifications
OEKO-TEX®,
GOTS)
critical
mitigating
_Interdisciplinary
collaboration
among
technologists,
toxicologists,
public
experts
is
essential
develop
safer
integrate
health-centric
approaches
into
sustainability
agendas,
safeguarding
consumers,
workers,
ecosystems._
