Energy transfer photocatalysis: exciting modes of reactivity

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(3), С. 1068 - 1089

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Leveraging light energy to expose the ‘dark’ reactive states describes whole essence of triplet–triplet transfer. This offers an impressive opportunity conduct a multitude diverse reactions and access sought-after molecular motifs.

Язык: Английский

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Photoredox-Enabled Dearomative [2π + 2σ] Cycloaddition of Phenols

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 146(4), С. 2789 - 2797

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Dearomative photocycloaddition of monocyclic arenes is an appealing strategy for comprehending the concept "escape from flatland". This brings replacement readily available planar aromatic hydrocarbon units with a 3D fused bicyclic core sp3-enriched carbon units. Herein, we outline intermolecular approach dearomative phenols. In order to circumvent ground-state aromaticity and construct conformationally restrained building blocks, bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes were chosen as coupling partners. renders straightforward access bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane unit cyclic enone moiety, which further contributed synthetic linchpin postmodifications. Mechanistic experiment advocates plausible onset both reactants, depending on redox potential.

Язык: Английский

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Photocatalytic Z/E isomerization unlocking the stereodivergent construction of axially chiral alkene frameworks

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024

Abstract The past century has witnessed a large number of reports on the Z / E isomerization alkenes. However, vast majority them are still limited to di- and tri-substituted stereospecific tetrasubstituted alkenes remains be an underdeveloped area, thus lacking in stereodivergent synthesis axially chiral Herein we report atroposelective alkene analogues by asymmetric allylic substitution-isomerization, followed their via triplet energy transfer photocatalysis. In this regard, N -vinylquinolinones is achieved efficiently. Mechanistic studies indicate that benzylic radical generation distribution two key factors for preserving enantioselectivities compounds.

Язык: Английский

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Visible-Light-Induced Energy-Transfer-Mediated Hydrofunctionalization and Difunctionalization of Unsaturated Compounds via Sigma-Bond Homolysis of Energy-Transfer Acceptors

ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(3), С. 1854 - 1941

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

Over the past decade, visible-light-mediated energy-transfer (EnT) catalysis, particularly triplet–triplet (TTEnT) has emerged as a mild and environmentally friendly approach for diverse organic synthetic transformations. In contrast to photoredox which typically requires sacrificial electron donors or acceptors complete catalytic cycle, EnT photocatalysis generally proceeds with high atom economy while minimizing generation of wasteful byproducts. Furthermore, successful catalysis is contingent upon precise control redox potentials both photocatalysts substrates, strategies are primarily influenced by triplet energy compatibility between these entities. Considering growing importance photocatalysis, well hydrofunctionalization difunctionalization reactions in synthesis, this review systematically summarizes significant advancements EnT-enabled unsaturated compounds via sigma-bond homolysis over decade. Special emphasis placed on elucidating substrate scopes mechanistic scenarios. Additionally, discusses versatile applications methodologies addresses current challenges opportunities within evolving research field. This structured into six main categories based different types sigma-bonds undergoing homolysis. These include transformations mediated 1) N–O bond oxime esters other N,O-radical precursors; 2) N–S N-sulfonyl imines N,S-radical 3) chalcogen–chalcogen disulfides oxy/thio/selenosulfonates; 4) C–S tri/difluoromethylated sulfinates, acetylenic triflones, arylsulfonium salts; 5) C–X (X = halogen) halides; 6) acceptors. Through providing theoretical backgrounds along comprehensive overview currently employed acceptors, photosensitizers, contemporary EnT-induced compounds, aims serve an invaluable resource future innovations rapidly

Язык: Английский

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Photochemical dearomative skeletal modifications of heteroaromatics

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(12), С. 6600 - 6624

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Dearomatization has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid construction of 3D molecular architectures from simple, abundant, and planar (hetero)arenes. The field evolved beyond simple dearomatization driven by new synthetic technology development. With the renaissance photocatalysis expansion activation mode, last few years have witnessed impressive developments in innovative photochemical methodologies, enabling skeletal modifications dearomatized structures. They offer truly efficient useful tools facile highly complex structures, which are viable natural product synthesis drug discovery. In this review, we aim to provide mechanistically insightful overview on these innovations based degree alteration, categorized into dearomative functionalization editing, highlight their utilities.

Язык: Английский

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Dearomative 1,4-Difunctionalization of Non-Activated Arenes Enabled by Boryl Radical-Mediated Halogen-Atom Transfer

ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1294 - 1304

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Given the widespread presence of spirocyclic scaffolds in natural products and pharmacologically relevant synthetic compounds, development efficient methodologies for their construction holds great importance medicinal chemistry pharmaceutical research. In this study, a general photochemical dearomative spirocyclization nonactivated arenes has been established. The key to method lies ability amine-borane radicals activate aryl bromides iodides via halogen-atom transfer, thereby allowing conversion halides into corresponding subsequent chemodivergent transformations. remarkable compatibility versatility 1,4-difunctionalization is showed by rapid assembly structurally diverse 1,4-cyclohexadiene-based spirocycles incorporating oxindole, indoline, or dihydrobenzofuran subunits. Moreover, potential utility protocol exemplified formal total synthesis vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist Satavaptan.

Язык: Английский

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Photo-induced intramolecular dearomative [5 + 4] cycloaddition of arenes for the construction of highly strained medium-sized-rings

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 19, 2024

Abstract Medium-sized-ring compounds have been recognized as challenging synthetic targets in organic chemistry. Especially, the difficulty of synthesis will be augmented if an E -olefin moiety is embedded. Recently, photo-induced dearomative cycloaddition reactions that proceed via energy transfer mechanism witnessed significant developments and provided powerful methods for transformations are not easily realized under thermal conditions. Herein, we report intramolecular [5 + 4] naphthalene-derived vinylcyclopropanes visible-light irradiation a proper triplet photosensitizer. The reaction affords dearomatized polycyclic molecules possessing nine-membered-ring with good yields (up to 86%) stereoselectivity 8.8/1 / Z ). Detailed computational studies reveal origin behind favorable formation thermodynamically less stable isomers. Diverse derivations products also demonstrated.

Язык: Английский

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Decatungstate‐Photocatalyzed Diastereoselective Dearomative Hydroalkylation of Indoles

European Journal of Organic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(22)

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024

Abstract In this study, we present an efficient and straightforward dearomative hydroalkylation of indoles. By utilizing alkanes or ethers as alkyl radical sources employing TBADT a cost‐effective photocatalyst for direct hydrogen atom transfers (HAT), achieved successful conversion these heterocyclic derivatives into 2‐alkylindolines with good to excellent yields high diastereoselectivity under mild reaction conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Transition metal complexes: A new era of photosensitizers for Dearomative photocycloaddition/annulation via energy and Electron transfer Photocatalysis

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 520, С. 216136 - 216136

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Dearomative Construction of 2D/3D Frameworks from Quinolines via Nucleophilic Addition/Borate‐Mediated Photocycloaddition

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63(41)

Опубликована: Май 28, 2024

Dearomative construction of multiply-fused 2D/3D frameworks, composed aromatic two-dimensional (2D) rings and saturated three-dimensional (3D) rings, from readily available quinolines has greatly contributed to drug discovery. However, dearomative cycloadditions in the presence photocatalysts usually afford 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ)-based polycycles, access 1,2,3,4-THQ-based structures remains limited. Herein, we present a chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, enantioselective transformation into 6-6-4-membered without any catalyst, through combination nucleophilic addition borate-mediated [2+2] photocycloaddition. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that photoexcited borate complex, generated quinoline, organolithium, HB(pin), accelerates cycloaddition suppresses rearomatization occurs conventional Based on our analysis, also developed further photoinduced affording other types frameworks isoquinoline phenanthrene.

Язык: Английский

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