Biomarker Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2024
The
cathepsin
family
comprises
lysosomal
proteases
that
play
essential
roles
in
various
physiological
processes,
including
protein
degradation,
antigen
presentation,
apoptosis,
and
tissue
remodeling.
Dysregulation
of
activity
has
been
linked
to
a
variety
pathological
conditions,
such
as
cancer,
autoimmune
diseases,
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Understanding
the
functions
cathepsins
is
crucial
for
gaining
insights
into
their
both
health
disease,
well
developing
targeted
therapeutic
approaches.
Emerging
research
underscores
significant
involvement
immune
cells,
particularly
T
macrophages,
dendritic
neutrophils,
contribution
immune-related
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
systematically
examine
impact
on
system
mechanistic
infectious
disorders,
with
goal
identifying
novel
strategies
these
conditions.
Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
31(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2025
Abstract
Gastric
cancer
(GC)
is
one
of
the
most
common
malignant
tumors
worldwide,
and
its
treatment
has
been
a
focus
medical
research.
Herein
we
systematically
review
current
status
advancements
in
targeted
therapy
immunotherapy
for
GC,
which
have
emerged
as
important
strategies
recent
years
with
great
potential,
summarize
efficacy
safety
such
treatments.
Targeted
therapies
against
key
targets
including
epidermal
growth
factor
receptor
(EGFR),
human
2
(HER2),
vascular
endothelial
(VEGF)/VEGF
(VEGFR),
shown
remarkable
therapeutic
efficacies
by
inhibiting
tumor
progression
and/or
blood
supply.
In
particular,
markable
breakthroughs
made
HER2-targeting
drugs
HER2-positive
GC
patients.
To
address
intrinsic
acquired
resistances
to
drugs,
novel
agents
bispecific
antibodies
antibody–drug
conjugates
(ADC)
targeting
HER2
developed.
Immunotherapy
enhances
recognition
elimination
cells
activating
body
anticancer
immune
system.
Programmed
cell
death
protein
1
(PD-1)
programmed
death-ligand
(PD-L1)
are
commonly
used
immunotherapeutic
some
success
treatment.
Innovative
modalities,
adoptive
therapy,
vaccines,
non-specific
immunomodulators
oncolytic
viruses
promise
early-stage
clinical
trials
GC.
Clinical
supported
that
can
significantly
improve
survival
quality
life
However,
effects
need
be
further
improved
more
personalized,
advancement
researches
on
microenvironment.
Further
studies
remain
needed
issues
drug
resistance
adverse
events
pertaining
The
combined
application
individualized
should
explored
developed,
provide
effective
treatments
Journal of drug targeting,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 43
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025
In
the
dynamic
arena
of
cancer
therapeutics,
chemoimmunotherapy
has
shown
tremendous
promise,
especially
for
aggressive
forms
breast
like
triple-negative
(TNBC).
This
review
delves
into
significant
role
liposomes
in
enhancing
effectiveness
by
leveraging
cancer-specific
mechanisms
such
as
induction
immunogenic
cell
death
(ICD),
reprogramming
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
and
enabling
sequential
drug
release.
We
examine
innovative
dual-targeting
that
capitalize
on
heterogeneity,
well
pH-sensitive
formulations
offer
improved
control
over
delivery.
Unlike
prior
analyses,
this
directly
links
advancements
preclinical
research-such
PAMAM
dendrimer-based
nanoplatforms
RGD-decorated
liposomes-to
clinical
trial
results,
highlighting
their
potential
to
revolutionize
TNBC
treatment
strategies.
Additionally,
we
address
ongoing
challenges
related
scalability,
toxicity,
regulatory
compliance,
propose
future
directions
personalized,
immune-focused
nanomedicine.
work
not
only
synthesizes
latest
research
but
also
offers
a
framework
translating
liposomal
from
laboratory
practice.
Immune
checkpoint
therapy,
such
as
programmed
cell
death
protein
1/programmed
death-ligand
1
(PD-1/PD-L1)
blockade,
has
achieved
remarkable
results
in
treating
various
tumors.
However,
most
cancer
patients
show
a
low
response
rate
to
PD-1/PD-L1
especially
those
with
microsatellite
stable/mismatch
repair-proficient
colorectal
subtypes,
which
indicates
an
urgent
need
for
new
approaches
augment
the
efficacy
of
blockade.
Cholesterol
metabolism,
involves
generating
multifunctional
metabolites
and
essential
membrane
components,
is
also
instrumental
tumor
development.
In
recent
years,
inhibiting
proprotein
convertase
subtilisin/kexin
type
9
(PCSK9),
serine
proteinase
that
regulates
cholesterol
been
demonstrated
be
method
enhancing
antitumor
effect
blockade
some
extent.
Mechanistically,
PCSK9
inhibition
can
maintain
recycling
major
histocompatibility
class
I,
promote
low-density
lipoprotein
receptor-mediated
T-cell
receptor
signaling,
modulate
microenvironment
(TME)
by
affecting
infiltration
exclusion
immune
cells.
These
mechanisms
increase
quantity
enhance
antineoplastic
cytotoxic
T
lymphocyte,
main
functional
cells
involved
anti-PD-1/PD-L1
immunotherapy,
TME.
Therefore,
combining
therapy
immunotherapy
may
provide
novel
option
improving
effects
constitute
promising
research
direction.
This
review
concentrates
on
relationship
between
systematically
discusses
how
potentiates
treatment,
highlights
directions
this
field.
Gastrointestinal
(GI)
cancers
represent
a
significant
health
burden
worldwide.
Their
incidence
continues
to
increase,
and
their
management
remains
clinical
challenge.
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)
natural
killer
(NK)
cells
have
emerged
as
promising
alternative
CAR-T
for
immunotherapy
of
GI
cancers.
Notably,
CAR-NK
offer
several
advantages,
including
reduced
risk
graft-versus-host
disease,
lower
cytokine
release
syndrome,
the
ability
target
cancer
through
both
CAR-dependent
cytotoxic
mechanisms.
This
review
comprehensively
discusses
development
applications
in
treatment
We
explored
various
sources
NK
cells,
CAR
design
strategies,
current
state
cell
therapy
cancers,
highlighting
recent
preclinical
trials.
Additionally,
we
addressed
existing
challenges
propose
potential
strategies
enhance
efficacy
safety
therapy.
Our
findings
highlight
revolutionize
pave
way
future
applications.
Cancer Cell International,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
25(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2025
Summary
Breast
cancer
will
overtake
all
other
cancers
in
terms
of
diagnoses
2024.
counts
highest
among
women
incidence
and
death
rates.
Innovative
treatment
approaches
are
desperately
needed
because
resistance
brought
on
by
current
clinical
drugs
impedes
therapeutic
efficacy.
The
T
cell-based
immunotherapy
known
as
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)
cell
treatment,
which
uses
the
patient’s
immune
cells
to
fight
cancer,
has
demonstrated
remarkable
efficacy
treating
hematologic
malignancies;
nevertheless,
effects
solid
tumors,
like
breast
have
not
lived
up
expectations.
We
discuss
detail
role
tumor-associated
antigens
trials,
barriers
intended
CAR-T
therapy,
potential
ways
increase
Finally,
our
review
aims
stimulate
readers’
curiosity
summarizing
most
recent
advancements
therapy
for
cancer.
The
established
protocol
for
the
management
of
acute
myeloid
leukemia
(AML)
has
traditionally
involved
administration
induction
chemotherapy,
followed
by
consolidation
and
subsequent
allogeneic
stem
cell
transplantation
eligible
patients.
However,
prognosis
individuals
with
relapsed
refractory
AML
remains
unfavorable.
In
response
to
necessity
more
efficacious
therapeutic
modalities,
targeted
immunotherapy
emerged
as
a
promising
advancement
in
treatment.
This
comprehensive
review
article
specifically
examines
classical
unconjugated
toxin-conjugated
monoclonal
antibodies,
which
are
currently
preclinical
phase
or
undergoing
evaluation
clinical
trials.
delves
into
proposed
mechanisms
through
these
antibodies
elicit
anti-tumor
activity
identifies
challenges
associated
designing
immunotherapy.
focuses
on
targeting
specific
antigens
AML,
including
FLT3/CD125,
CLL-1,
CD33,
CD38,
CD47,
CD70,
CD123.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025
Tumor
immunotherapy
aims
to
harness
the
immune
system
identify
and
eliminate
cancer
cells.
However,
its
full
potential
is
hindered
by
immunosuppressive
nature
of
tumors.
Radiotherapy
remains
a
key
treatment
modality
for
local
tumor
control
immunomodulation
within
microenvironment.
Yet,
efficacy
radiotherapy
often
limited
radiosensitivity,
traditional
radiosensitizers
have
shown
effectiveness
in
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
To
address
these
challenges,
we
developed
novel
multifunctional
nanoparticle
system,
ZIF-8@MnCO@DOX
(ZMD),
designed
enhance
drug
delivery
tissues.
In
microenvironment,
Zn²⁺
Mn²⁺
ions
released
from
ZMD
participate
Fenton-like
reaction,
generating
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
that
promote
cell
death
improve
radiosensitivity.
Additionally,
release
doxorubicin
(DOX)-an
anthracycline
chemotherapeutic
agent-induces
DNA
damage
apoptosis
The
combined
action
metal
double-stranded
(dsDNA)
damaged
cells
synergistically
activates
cyclic
GMP-AMP
synthase
(cGAS)-stimulator
interferon
genes
(STING)
pathway,
thereby
initiating
robust
anti-tumor
response.
Both
vitro
vivo
experiments
demonstrated
effectively
cGAS-STING
promotes
responses,
exerts
potent
tumor-killing
effect
combination
with
radiotherapy,
leading
regression
both
primary
tumors
distant
metastases.
Our
work
provides
straightforward,
safe,
effective
strategy
combining
treat
advanced
cancer.
AppliedChem,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4(3), С. 236 - 269
Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2024
Carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
is
recognized
as
the
primary
cause
of
global
warming
due
to
its
greenhouse
potential.
It
plays
a
significant
role
in
contributing
emissions
arising
from
variety
anthropogenic
activities,
such
energy
production,
transportation,
construction
industry,
and
other
industrial
processes.
Capturing
utilizing
CO2
mitigate
impact
on
environment
is,
therefore,
importance.
To
do
so,
strategies
net-zero
strategies,
deploying
capture
storage
technologies,
converting
into
useful
products
have
been
proposed.
In
this
review,
we
focused
our
attention
preparation
performance
polymeric
crystalline
materials
for
efficient
capture.
More
precisely,
examined
MOFs,
petroleum-based
polymers
(amine-based,
ionic
liquid,
polymer,
conjugated
macro/micro-cyclic
porous
organic
polymer)
well
bio-based
brief,
present
work
aims
guide
reader
available
crafted
offering
promising
avenue
towards
innovative
carbon
strategy.
