Air pollution mapping and variability over five European cities
Environment International,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
199, С. 109474 - 109474
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025
Mapping
urban
pollution
is
essential
for
assessing
population
exposure
and
addressing
associated
health
impacts.
High
concentrations
are
due
to
the
proximity
of
sources
such
as
traffic
or
residential
heating,
density
with
presence
buildings
that
reduce
street
ventilation.
This
complexity
makes
fine-scale
mapping
challenging,
even
regulated
pollutants
NO2
PM2.5.
In
this
study
we
apply
state-of-the-art
empirical
deterministic
modeling
approaches
produce
high-resolution
(<100
m)
maps
across
five
European
cities
(Paris,
Athens,
Birmingham,
Rotterdam,
Bucharest).
These
methodologies
enable
full-city
capturing
intra-urban
gradients
concentrations.
Depending
on
methodology,
(NO2,
PM2.5)
and/or
emerging
(black
carbon
(BC)
ultrafine
particles
(UFP
characterized
here
by
particulate
number
concentration
PNC))
considered.
For
modelling,
different
presented:
a
multi-scale
Eulerian
modelling
chain
down
scale
chemistry/aerosol
dynamics
at
all
scales,
hybrid
models
regional
dispersion
Gaussian
subgrid
dispersion,
Gaussian-based
model.
Empirical
land
use
regression
were
developed
based
upon
mobile
monitoring.
To
compare
relative
performance
evaluate
their
limitations,
results
compared
fixed
measurement
stations.
We
introduce
standardized
metric
quantify
spatial
seasonal
variability
assess
each
method's
capacity
reproduce
heterogeneity.
also
how
data
assimilation
affects
both
accuracy
representation-particularly
relevant
where
sparse.
confirm
established
patterns:
more
pronounced
PNC,
BC
than
PM2.5,
higher
during
winter
periods.
observe
reduced
in
PM2.
5
(linked
heating)
significant
wood
burning
emissions.
adds
unique
value
evaluating
these
patterns
using
stations,
quantifying
them
entire
areas
very
fine
resolution
m).
Furthermore,
important
methodological
strengths
limitations
pointed
out,
providing
practical
guidance
selection
improvement
methods,
supporting
implementation
new
EU
Air
Quality
Directive.
Язык: Английский
Population exposure to outdoor NO2, black carbon, and ultrafine and fine particles over Paris with multi-scale modelling down to the street scale
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
25(6), С. 3363 - 3387
Опубликована: Март 20, 2025
Abstract.
This
study
focuses
on
mapping
the
concentrations
of
pollutants
interest
to
health
(NO2,
black
carbon
(BC),
PM2.5,
and
particle
number
concentration
(PNC))
down
street
scale
represent
population
exposure
outdoor
at
residences.
Simulations
are
performed
over
area
Greater
Paris
with
WRF-CHIMERE/MUNICH/SSH-aerosol
chain,
using
either
top-down
inventory
EMEP
or
bottom-up
Airparif,
correction
traffic
flow.
The
higher
in
streets
than
regional-scale
urban
background,
due
strong
influence
road
emissions
locally.
Model-to-observation
comparisons
were
background
stations
evaluated
two
performance
criteria
from
literature.
For
BC,
harmonized
equivalent
BC
(eBC)
estimated
concomitant
measurements
eBC
elemental
carbon.
Using
corrected
flow,
strictest
met
for
NO2,
eBC,
PNC.
inventory,
also
but
errors
tend
be
larger
lower
along
those
simulated
especially
NO2
concentrations,
resulting
fewer
heterogeneities.
impact
size
distribution
non-exhaust
was
analysed
both
regional
local
scales,
it
is
heavy-traffic
streets.
To
assess
exposure,
a
French
database
detailing
inhabitants
each
building
used.
population-weighted
(PWC)
calculated
by
weighting
populations
which
they
exposed
precise
location
their
home.
An
scaling
factor
(ESF)
determined
pollutant
estimate
ratio
needed
correct
order
exposure.
average
ESF
ring
1
PNC
because
modelled
scale.
It
indicates
that
Parisian
underestimated
concentrations.
Although
this
underestimation
low
an
1.04,
very
high
(1.26),
(between
1.22
1.24),
(1.12).
shows
heterogeneities
important
considered
less
so
PM2.5.
Язык: Английский