South African Journal of Geology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
127(4), С. 765 - 796
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024
Abstract
Manganese
(Mn)
is
a
crucial
metal
for
steelmaking
and
increasingly
being
sought
after
its
use
in
the
battery
clean-energy
sectors.
Through
discovery
of
Kalahari
Field
(KMF),
world’s
largest
land-based
Mn
resource,
South
Africa
has
positioned
itself
as
major
player
global
supply
chain.
However,
only
fraction
this
total
resource
currently
exploited,
opportunities
further
exploitation
KMF
at
several
other
deposits
occurrences
throughout
remain
to
be
realised.
To
consolidate
scientific
industrial
interest
entire
African
base,
present
contribution
provides
holistic
overview
(1)
mineral
economics,
(2)
processes
that
give
rise
enrichment
crustal
rocks,
(3)
palaeoenvironmental
implications
enrichments,
(4)
geology
domestic
occurrences,
(5)
geometallurgical
processing
paradigms
applicable
full
value
realisation
from
these
diverse
ore
types.
are
broadly
subdivided
into
those
formed
chemical
sedimentary
subsequent
diagenesis
(e.g.,
KMF,
deep-sea
nodules
crusts);
residual
enrichments
weathering
Mn-bearing
protolith
North
West
Fields);
through
mobilisation
by
hydrothermal
fluids
groundwater
vein
breccia-hosted
fractured
lithologies
Cape
Supergroup,
Waterberg
Group,
etc.).
Because
differences
mechanisms
deposit
formation,
because
various
valence
ligand
bonding
interactions
associated
with
Mn,
resultant
mineralogy
individual
groups
widely
varied.
Primary
sediments
typically
comprise
Mn2+
carbonates,
braunite
occasionally
silicates,
which
may
locally
upgraded
Mn2+/3+
oxide
minerals
hypogene
enrichment.
Low
temperature
deposits,
including
nodules,
groundwater-associated
accumulations
marked
Mn4+
parageneses,
subsequently
modified
regional
metamorphism.
Inasmuch
grade
primary
variable
governing
economic
extraction,
growing
body
work
highlights
will
achieved
targeted
mineralogical
diversity.
This
includes
coordination
impact
energy
consumption
reagent
utilisation
during
down-stream
processing.
ABSTRACT
High‐entropy
materials
(HEMs)
possess
unique
properties
that
can
be
tailored
for
specific
performance
characteristics,
making
them
suitable
various
battery
applications.
In
particular,
HEMs
have
shown
significant
promise
in
enhancing
the
electrochemical
of
Prussian
blue
analogues
(PBAs)
across
systems,
including
sodium‐ion,
potassium‐ion,
lithium‐sulfur,
aqueous
zinc‐ion,
and
ammonium‐ion
batteries.
This
article
examines
case
studies
to
explore
how
high‐entropy
strategy
enhances
PBA
performance.
It
also
provides
an
overview
traditional
metal
substitution
methods
modifying
two
main
types
PBAs,
is,
Fe‐based
Mn‐based
electrode
materials.
Additionally,
other
optimization
methods,
such
as
defect
modulation,
surface
modification,
composite
structures,
electrolyte
are
discussed.
Finally,
delves
deeply
into
relationship
between
techniques
from
perspectives
element
design
enhancement,
aiming
provide
comprehensive
theoretical
guidance
readers.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(30), С. 19440 - 19451
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Sr
2+
,
the
“pillar”
in
P2
structure,
suppresses
phase
transition,
inhibits
Jahn–Teller
distortion,
and
improves
performance
of
layered
oxide
cathodes
SIBs.
In
response
to
the
rapid
evolution
of
global
socio-economic
landscape,
there
arises
an
urgent
need
explore
alternative
energy
sources
as
replacements
for
fossil
fuels.
Among
these
alternatives,
integrated
photovoltaic
storage
system,
a
novel
solution
combining
solar
harnessing
and
capabilities,
garners
significant
attention
compared
traditional
separated
system.
This
review
starts
with
detailed
analysis
photoelectric
conversion
mechanism
underlying
systems.
Subsequently,
categorization
active
materials
employed
in
systems
is
presented,
alongside
comprehensive
summary
current
applications
various
The
findings
presented
this
work
offer
valuable
insights
into
future
potential
next-generation
