Mandible composition and properties in two selected praying mantises (Insecta, Mantodea)
The Anatomical Record,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2024
Abstract
Insects
process
their
food
with
cuticle‐based
mouthparts.
These
feeding
structures
reflect
diversity
and
can,
in
some
cases,
showcase
adaptations
material
composition,
mechanical
properties,
shape
to
suit
specific
dietary
preferences.
To
pave
the
way
deeply
understand
interaction
between
mouthparts
determine
potential
of
food,
this
study
focuses
on
mandibles
two
praying
mantis
species.
Gongylus
gongylodes
feeds
mainly
Diptera,
Sphodromantis
lineola
forages
larger
prey.
Employing
scanning
electron
microscopy,
mandibular
morphologies
were
analyzed.
The
degree
cuticle
tanning
was
tested
using
confocal
laser
microscopy.
Furthermore,
contents
transition
alkaline
earth
metals
mandible
studied
energy‐dispersive
X‐ray
spectroscopy
properties
by
nanoindentation.
We
found
that
S.
show
pronounced
gradients
Young's
modulus
hardness
from
basis
tip,
which
might
be
an
adaptation
against
high
stresses
during
biting
chewing.
G.
,
contrast,
did
not
gradients,
may
indicate
there
is
less
stress
involved
feeding—necessary
test
future
studies.
manidibles
both
species
are
related
but
also
positively
correlate
content
magnesium.
findings
enrich
our
understanding
insect
biology
present
new
sets
data
structures.
Язык: Английский
Functional Divergence of Scorpion Pedipalps: Musculoskeletal Specialization Toward Opposing Performance Optima
Journal of Morphology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
286(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
When
selective
pressures
for
different
functions
act
simultaneously
on
a
structure,
morphological
diversification
can
be
shaped
by
adaptation
toward
distinct
functional
optima.
Systems
may
evolve
along
performance
gradient,
optimizing
aspects
of
function
in
response
to
ecological
demands.
We
investigated
two
scorpion
species
representing
the
extremes
chela
(pincer)
shape.
Scorpion
chelae
exhibit
remarkable
diversity
associated
with
roles,
and
their
varies
force‐velocity
continuum.
To
explore
how
structural
muscular
adaptations
shape
performance,
we
developed
biomechanical
model
integrating
synchrotron
microtomography,
muscle
architecture,
data.
Our
findings
reveal
that
these
arrangements,
each
optimized
outcome.
The
short‐fingered
maximize
closing
force
through
increased
mechanical
advantage
longer
sarcomeres,
enhancing
contraction
efficiency.
In
contrast,
slender‐chela
optimizes
velocity
orientations
favor
rapid
acceleration.
While
additional
demands
likely
influence
designs,
one
morphology
appears
specialized
quickly
capturing
prey,
while
other
seems
adapted
prey
crushing.
These
divergent
optima
have
played
key
role
shaping
trophic
ecology
scorpions
influencing
evolution
venom.
Язык: Английский
Novel pterygotid sea scorpions from the Silurian and Devonian of Gondwana
Gondwana Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
135, С. 282 - 292
Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2024
Язык: Английский
Cuticle ultrastructure of the Early Devonian trigonotarbid arachnid Palaeocharinus
Arthropod Structure & Development,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
83, С. 101392 - 101392
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2024
The
cuticle
is
a
key
evolutionary
innovation
that
played
crucial
role
in
arthropod
terrestrialization.
Extensive
research
has
elucidated
the
chemical
and
structural
composition
of
extant
arthropods,
while
fossil
studies
have
further
informed
our
understanding
evolution.
This
study
examines
three-dimensionally
preserved
cuticular
structure
Early
Devonian
trigonotarbid
arachnid
genus
Palaeocharinus,
from
Rhynie
chert
Scotland
(∼408
Ma).
Trigonotarbids,
an
extinct
group
tetrapulmonate
arachnids,
are
among
earliest
known
unequivocally
terrestrial
thus
may
shed
light
on
evolution
terrestriality.
Using
high-resolution
Confocal
Laser
Scanning
Microscopy
(CLSM),
we
reveal
detailed
morphological
features
at
nanometre
level.
external
surface
Palaeocharinus
characterized
by
polygonal
scales,
sensilla,
small
pores
identified
as
openings
dermal
glands
wax
canals.
Internally,
exhibits
clusters
pore
canals,
through
which
was
transported
epidermis
to
surface.
canals
twist
along
their
vertical
axes,
reflecting
"twisted
plywood"
or
Bouligand
arrangement
chitin-protein
microfibril
planes
characteristic
modern
cuticles.
Overall,
characteristically
thick
relative
those
other
chelicerates,
such
thickening
being
possible
adaptation
life.
Язык: Английский