Recovery trajectories of kelp forest animals are rapid yet spatially variable across a network of temperate marine protected areas

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2015

Abstract Oceans currently face a variety of threats, requiring ecosystem-based approaches to management such as networks marine protected areas (MPAs). We evaluated changes in fish biomass on temperate rocky reefs over the decade following implementation network MPAs northern Channel Islands, California. found that targeted (i.e. fished) species has increased consistently inside all network, with an effect geography strength response. More interesting, also outside MPAs, although only 27% rapidly areas, indicating redistribution fishing effort not severely affected unprotected populations. Whether increase is due pressure, fisheries actions, adult spillover, favorable environmental conditions, or combination four remains unknown. methods controlling for biogeographic variation across and similar performance models incorporating empirical sea surface temperature versus simple geographic blocking term based assemblage structure. The patterns observed are promising indicators success this but more work needed understand how ecological physical contexts affect MPA performance.

Язык: Английский

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The role of science in supporting marine protected area network planning and design in California

Ocean & Coastal Management, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 74, С. 45 - 56

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2012

Язык: Английский

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Marine Protected Area Networks: Assessing Whether the Whole Is Greater than the Sum of Its Parts

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 9(8), С. e102298 - e102298

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2014

Anthropogenic impacts are increasingly affecting the world's oceans. Networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) provide an option for increasing ecological and economic benefits often provided by single MPAs. It is vital to empirically assess effects MPA networks prioritize monitoring data necessary explain those effects. We summarize types based on their intended management outcomes illustrate a framework evaluating whether connectivity network providing outcome greater than sum individual use analysis in Hawai'i compare networked MPAs non-networked demonstrate results consistent with effect. assert that planning processes should identify while also employing coupled field monitoring-simulation modeling approaches, powerful way most relevant assessing performance.

Язык: Английский

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The Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Marine Reserves

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 46(1), С. 49 - 73

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2015

Here we review the population, community, and evolutionary consequences of marine reserves. Responses at each level depend on tendency fisheries to target larger body sizes for greater reserve protection with less movement within across populations. The primary population response reserves is survival ages plus increases in size harvested species, that are large relative species' rates. community an increase total biomass diversity, potential trophic cascades altered spatial patterning metacommunities. increased genetic theoretical against fisheries-induced evolution selection reduced movement. combined outcome these responses buffer populations communities temporal environmental heterogeneity has preliminary empirical support.

Язык: Английский

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Reef Fish Survey Techniques: Assessing the Potential for Standardizing Methodologies

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 11(4), С. e0153066 - e0153066

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2016

Dramatic changes in populations of fishes living on coral reefs have been documented globally and, response, the research community has initiated efforts to assess and monitor reef fish assemblages. A variety visual census techniques are employed, however results often incomparable due differential methodological performance. Although comparability data may promote improved assessment populations, thus management critically important nearshore fisheries, date no standardized agreed-upon survey method emerged. This study describes use methods across identifies potential drivers selection. An online was distributed researchers from academic, governmental, non-governmental organizations internationally. many were identified, 89% survey-based projects employed one three methods-belt transect, stationary point count, some variation timed swim method. The selection independent design (i.e., goal) region study, but related researcher's home institution. While expressed willingness modify their current protocols more (76%), decreased when methodologies tied long-term datasets spanning five or years. Willingness also less common among academic than resource managers. By understanding both application reported motivations for selection, we hope focus discussions towards increasing quantitative data.

Язык: Английский

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Evidence that spillover from Marine Protected Areas benefits the spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) fishery in southern California

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2021

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designed to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services. Some MPAs also established benefit fisheries through increased egg larval production, or the spillover of mobile juveniles adults. Whether influences fishery landings depend on population status movement patterns target species both inside outside MPAs, as well behavior fleet. We tested whether an increase in lobster two newly influenced local catch, fishing effort, catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) within sustainable California spiny fishery. found greater build-up lobsters relative unprotected areas, increases effort total but not CPUE, zones containing vs. those without MPAs. Our results show that a 35% reduction area resulting from MPA designation was compensated for by 225% catch after 6-years, thus indicating at scale trade-off ground no-fishing benefitted

Язык: Английский

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A marine protected area network does not confer community structure resilience to a marine heatwave across coastal ecosystems

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(19), С. 5634 - 5651

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Abstract Marine protected areas (MPAs) have gained attention as a conservation tool for enhancing ecosystem resilience to climate change. However, empirical evidence explicitly linking MPAs enhanced ecological is limited and mixed. To better understand whether can buffer impacts, we tested the resistance recovery of marine communities 2014–2016 Northeast Pacific heatwave in largest scientifically designed MPA network world off coast California, United States. The consists 124 (48 no‐take state reserves, 76 partial‐take or special regulation areas) implemented at different times, with full implementation completed 2012. We compared fish, benthic invertebrate, macroalgal community structure inside outside 13 across rocky intertidal, kelp forest, shallow reef, deep reef nearshore habitats California's Central Coast region from 2007 2020. also explored features, including age, size, depth, proportion rock, historic fishing pressure, habitat diversity richness, connectivity, fish biomass response ratios (proxy performance), conferred forest intertidal spanning 28 network. Ecological dramatically shifted due all four habitats, did not facilitate habitat‐wide recovery. Only significantly resist impacts. Community shifts were associated pronounced decline relative cold water species an increase warm species. features explain heatwave. Collectively, our findings suggest that ability mitigate impacts heatwaves on structure. Given mechanisms perturbations are complex, there clear need expand assessments ecosystem‐wide consequences resulting acute climate‐driven perturbations, potential role regulatory protection mitigating changes.

Язык: Английский

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Collaborative fisheries research reveals reserve size and age determine efficacy across a network of marine protected areas

Conservation Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024

Abstract A variety of criteria may influence the efficacy networks marine protected areas (MPA) designed to enhance biodiversity conservation and provide fisheries benefits. Meta‐analyses have evaluated MPA attributes on abundance, biomass, size structure harvested species, reporting that size, age, depth, connectivity strength responses. However, few empirical evaluation studies used consistent sampling methodology across multiple MPAs years. Our collaborative research program systematically sampled 12 no‐take or highly protective limited‐take paired fished reference a network spanning 1100 km coastline evaluate factors driving large geographic region. We found increased age consistently contributed fish catch, positive species responses inside MPAs, while accounting for such as latitude, primary productivity, distance nearest MPA. study provides model framework collaboratively engage diverse stakeholders in high‐quality data assess success strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Sea sick? Setting targets to assess ocean health and ecosystem services

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 3(5), С. 1 - 18

Опубликована: Май 1, 2012

The benefits provided by a healthy ocean are receiving increasing attention in policy and management spheres. A fundamental challenge with assessing health ecosystem services is that we lack scientific framework for expressing conditions quantitatively relation to goals. Here outline operationalize conceptual identifying meaningful reference points quantifying the current state relative them. requires clear articulation of goals built on review understanding assessment data availability. It develops structured approach choosing among three classes points, including: (1) functional relationships establish can be produced sustained under different environmental conditions, (2) time series approaches compare previous capacities obtain particular specific location, (3) spatial achieve desired across regional (or, if necessary, global) scales. We illustrate this general through lens defined terms coupled social‐ecological system, examples from fisheries, marine livelihoods, water quality USA. Assessment significantly influenced choice indicators used track changes goal, type point selected, how one measures distance point. This provides flexible, standardized methods evaluating advance important components ecosystem‐based management, including planning, service valuation, integrated assessments.

Язык: Английский

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Linking models with monitoring data for assessing performance of no‐take marine reserves

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 9(7), С. 390 - 399

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2011

No‐take marine reserves are an increasingly popular conservation and management tool. Assessing reserve performance in adaptive framework ideally involves predicting the response of populations communities to (typically design process) testing predicted outcomes against observations. Here we compare existing modeling empirical studies on no‐take reserves, provide a prospectus for their future integration. Numerical models ecological responses typically project long‐term, steady‐state interactions over relatively broad spatial scales larval dispersal, configuration, fishing effort, fish movement. Existing focus short‐term small scales, aggregated many explanatory factors. Linking data together requires adjusting temporal match empirically feasible tests, metrics scale account interacting biological human factors affecting outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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