The sponge holobiont in a changing ocean: from microbes to ecosystems

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2018

The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial communities has opened up a new field biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now considered holobionts, complex ecosystems consisting of the host, microbiota, interactions among them. Accordingly, ecological concepts can be applied to understand host-derived processes govern dynamics interactive networks within holobiont. In marine systems, holobionts further integrated into larger more ecosystems, concept referred as "nested ecosystems." this review, we discuss dynamic interact at multiple scales respond environmental change. We focus on symbiosis sponges their communities—a resulted one most diverse environment. recent years, sponge microbiology remarkably advanced terms curated databases, standardized protocols, information functions microbiota. Like Russian doll, these translated holobiont impact surrounding ecosystem. For example, sponge-associated metabolisms, fueled by high filtering capacity substantially affect biogeochemical cycling key nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous. Since increasingly threatened anthropogenic stressors jeopardize stability ecosystem, link between perturbations, dysbiosis, diseases. Experimental studies suggest community composition is tightly linked health, but whether dysbiosis cause or consequence collapse remains unresolved. Moreover, potential role microbiome mediating for acclimate adapt change unknown. Future should aim identify mechanisms underlying scales, from develop management strategies preserve provided our present future oceans.

Язык: Английский

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Dining in the Deep: The Feeding Ecology of Deep-Sea Fishes

Annual Review of Marine Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 9(1), С. 337 - 366

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2016

Deep-sea fishes inhabit ∼75% of the biosphere and are a critical part deep-sea food webs. Diet analysis more recent trophic biomarker approaches, such as stable isotopes fatty-acid profiles, have enabled description feeding guilds an increased recognition vertical connectivity in webs whole-water-column sense, including benthic-pelagic coupling. Ecosystem modeling requires data on rates; available estimates indicate that lower per-individual rates than coastal epipelagic fishes, but overall predation impact may be high. A limited number studies measured flux carbon by mesopelagic which appears to substantial. Anthropogenic activities altering ecosystems their services, mediated interactions. We also summarize outstanding gaps.

Язык: Английский

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Marine chemical ecology in benthic environments

Natural Product Reports, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 28(2), С. 345 - 387

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2010

Covering: 2008 up to the beginning of 2010

Язык: Английский

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The Emerging Ecological and Biogeochemical Importance of Sponges on Coral Reefs

Annual Review of Marine Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 12(1), С. 315 - 337

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2019

With the decline of reef-building corals on tropical reefs, sponges have emerged as an important component changing coral reef ecosystems. Seemingly simple, are highly diverse taxonomically, morphologically, and in terms their relationships with symbiotic microbes, they one nature's richest sources novel secondary metabolites. Unlike most other benthic organisms, capacity to disrupt boundary flow pump large volumes seawater into water column. This is chemically transformed it passes through sponge body a consequence feeding, excretion, activities microbial symbionts, effects carbon nutrient cycling organisms column adjacent reef. In this review, we critically evaluate developments recently dynamic research area ecology reefs provide perspective for future studies.

Язык: Английский

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Indirect effects of overfishing on Caribbean reefs: sponges overgrow reef-building corals

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 3, С. e901 - e901

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2015

Consumer-mediated indirect effects at the community level are difficult to demonstrate empirically. Here, we show an explicit effect of overfishing on competition between sponges and reef-building corals from surveys 69 sites across Caribbean. Leveraging large-scale, long-term removal sponge predators, selected overfished where intensive methods, primarily fish-trapping, have been employed for decades or more, compared them in remote marine protected areas (MPAs) with variable levels enforcement. Sponge-eating fishes (angelfishes parrotfishes) were counted each site, benthos surveyed, coral colonies scored interaction sponges. Overfished had >3 fold more overgrowth by sponges, mean contact was 25.6%, 12.0% less-fished sites. Greater mostly species palatable predators. Palatable faster rates growth reproduction than defended species, which instead make metabolically expensive chemical defenses. These results validate top-down conceptual model ecology Caribbean reefs, as well provide unambiguous justification MPAs protect threatened corals. An unanticipated outcome benthic survey component this study that lower macroalgal cover (23.1% vs. 38.1% sites), a result is contrary prevailing assumptions about seaweed control herbivorous fishes. Because did not quantify herbivores study, interpret caution, but suggest additional large-scale studies comparing intensively MPA warranted examine relative impacts urchins reefs.

Язык: Английский

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Long-term variation of octocoral populations in St. John, US Virgin Islands

Coral Reefs, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 34(4), С. 1099 - 1109

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2015

Язык: Английский

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A Vicious Circle? Altered Carbon and Nutrient Cycling May Explain the Low Resilience of Caribbean Coral Reefs

BioScience, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 66(6), С. 470 - 476

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2016

Coral reefs are economically important ecosystems that have suffered unprecedented losses of corals in the recent past. Why Caribbean particular transitioned to coral-depleted systems and exhibited less coral resilience? A synthesis research from diverse sources provides novel insights into reciprocal interactions among sponges, seaweeds, microbes. We propose loss resulted more abundant seaweeds release dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is consumed by sponges. Sponges return reef but also nutrients further enhance seaweed growth. Both sponges compete for space with remaining corals, cycling alters microbial activity, negative consequences microbiome. Adding these geographic factors DOC on reefs, such as river discharge windblown dust. Relatively higher abundances absence phototrophic species suggest sponge communities adapted a different nutritional environment than present elsewhere. This sheds new light past hypotheses seeking explain disparity recovery across tropics, directions research, has implications conservation related fisheries watershed management.

Язык: Английский

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Selective feeding by the giant barrel sponge enhances foraging efficiency

Limnology and Oceanography, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 61(4), С. 1271 - 1286

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2016

Abstract Foraging theory predicts the evolution of feeding behaviors that increase consumer fitness. Sponges were among earliest metazoans on earth and developed a unique filter‐feeding mechanism does not rely nervous system. Once thought indiscriminate, sponges are now known to selectively consume picoplankton, but it is unclear whether this confers any benefit. Additionally, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) detritus, relative preferences for these resources unknown. We quantified suspension by giant barrel sponge Xestospongia muta Conch Reef, Florida, examine relationships between diet choice, food resource availability, foraging efficiency. consistently preferred cyanobacteria over other which detritus DOC; nevertheless, was mostly DOC (∼70%) (∼20%). Consistent with theory, less‐preferred foods discriminated against when relatively scarce, increasingly accepted as they became more abundant. Food uptake limited, likely post‐capture constraints, yet selective enabled nutritional gains.

Язык: Английский

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A test of the sponge-loop hypothesis for emergent Caribbean reef sponges

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 588, С. 1 - 14

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2018

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 588:1-14 (2018) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12466 FEATURE ARTICLE A test of sponge-loop hypothesis for emergent Caribbean reef sponges Steven E. McMurray1,*, Amber D. Stubler1,2, Patrick M. Erwin1, Christopher Finelli1, Joseph R. Pawlik1 1Department Biology and Biology, University North Carolina Wilmington, Carolina, USA 2Biology Department, Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, California, *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The proposes that coral convert dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by benthic primary producers into particulate detritus available higher trophic levels. was developed subsequently supported from studies cryptic, encrusting sponges; however, has yet be considered massive, sponge species dominate surface reefs represent a large proportion community biomass. We tested generality fauna using direct In-Ex methods combined with acoustic Doppler velocimetry volume calculations quantify carbon flux 9 representing variety functional types. diet 5 hosting abundant symbiotic microbes (HMA) primarily consisted (DOC), while 4 low microbial abundances (LMA) consumed picoplankton. None studied were found produce significant quantities detritus. conclude that, instead releasing assimilated in form detritus, as originally proposed encrusting, cryptic sponges, likely retain Given high rates DOC uptake observed HMA species, we propose an additional pathway which fuels levels predation fish, turtle, invertebrate spongivores. KEY WORDS: Benthic-pelagic coupling · Suspension feeding Dissolved Particulate POC Porifera Detritus Full text pdf format Information about this Feature Article NextCite article as: McMurray SE, Stubler AD, Erwin PM, Finelli CM, Pawlik JR sponges. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 588:1-14. Export citation Tweet linkedIn Cited Published Vol. 588. Online publication date: February 08, 2018 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; 1616-1599 Copyright © Inter-Research.

Язык: Английский

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Nutrient Fluxes and Ecological Functions of Coral Reef Sponges in a Changing Ocean

Springer eBooks, Год журнала: 2017, Номер unknown, С. 373 - 410

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017

Язык: Английский

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