Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
122(2), С. 405 - 414
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2017
Abstract
Vegetation
patterns
such
as
rings,
bands,
and
spots
are
recurrent
characteristics
of
resource‐limited
arid
semiarid
ecosystems.
One
the
most
recognizable
vegetation
is
millions
circular
patches,
often
referred
to
“fairy
circles,”
within
grassland
matrix
extending
over
hundreds
kilometers
in
Namib
Desert.
Several
modeling
studies
have
highlighted
role
plant‐soil
interactions
formation
these
fairy
circles.
However,
little
known
about
spatial
temporal
variabilities
hydrological
processes
inside
a
circle.
In
particular,
detailed
field
assessment
soil
properties
outside
circles
limited.
We
conducted
extensive
measurements
infiltration
rate,
moisture,
grass
biometric,
sediment
grain‐size
distribution
from
multiple
interspaces
Our
results
indicate
that
considerable
heterogeneity
exists
circles,
resulting
presence
coarser
particles
inner
bare
areas,
whereas
concentration
fine
occurs
on
vegetated
edges.
The
trapping
aeolian
water‐borne
sediments
by
plants
may
result
observed
textural
changes
beneath
vegetation,
which
turn,
explains
runoff.
investigation
provides
new
insights
experimental
data
ecohydrological
associated
with
less
studied
location
devoid
sand
termite
activity
seem
provide
support
“self‐organization
hypothesis”
circle
attributed
antiphase
biomass‐water
distributions.
Physics Reports,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
971, С. 1 - 108
Опубликована: Май 19, 2022
Many
systems
on
our
planet
are
known
to
shift
abruptly
and
irreversibly
from
one
state
another
when
they
forced
across
a
"tipping
point,"
such
as
mass
extinctions
in
ecological
networks,
cascading
failures
infrastructure
systems,
social
convention
changes
human
animal
networks.
Such
regime
demonstrates
system's
resilience
that
characterizes
the
ability
of
system
adjust
its
activity
retain
basic
functionality
face
internal
disturbances
or
external
environmental
changes.
In
past
50
years,
attention
was
almost
exclusively
given
low
dimensional
calibration
their
functions
indicators
early
warning
signals
without
considerations
for
interactions
between
components.
Only
recent
taking
advantages
network
theory
lavish
real
data
sets,
scientists
have
directed
interest
real-world
complex
networked
multidimensional
function
indicators.
This
report
is
devoted
comprehensive
review
different
domains,
ecology,
biology,
infrastructure.
We
cover
related
research
about
empirical
observations,
experimental
studies,
mathematical
modeling,
theoretical
analysis.
also
discuss
some
ambiguous
definitions,
robustness,
resilience,
stability.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
120(2)
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2023
Spatial
self-organization
of
ecosystems
into
large-scale
(from
micron
to
meters)
patterns
is
an
important
phenomenon
in
ecology,
enabling
organisms
cope
with
harsh
environmental
conditions
and
buffering
ecosystem
degradation.
Scale-dependent
feedbacks
provide
the
predominant
conceptual
framework
for
self-organized
spatial
patterns,
explaining
regular
observed
in,
e.g.,
arid
or
mussel
beds.
Here,
we
highlight
alternative
mechanism
based
on
aggregation
a
biotic
abiotic
species,
such
as
herbivores,
sediment,
nutrients.
Using
generalized
mathematical
model,
demonstrate
that
aggregation-driven
have
fundamentally
different
dynamics
resilience
properties
than
formed
through
scale-dependent
feedbacks.
Building
physics
theory
phase-separation
dynamics,
show
patchy
are
more
vulnerable
systems
feedbacks,
especially
at
small
scales.
This
because
local
disturbances
can
trigger
redistribution
resources,
amplifying
Finally,
insights
from
physics,
by
providing
mechanistic
understanding
initiation
their
tendency
coarsen,
new
indicator
signal
proximity
ecological
tipping
points
subsequent
degradation
this
class
ecosystems.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
120(42)
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2023
Vegetation
Turing
patterns
play
a
critical
role
in
the
ecological
functioning
of
arid
and
semi-arid
ecosystems.
However,
long-range
spatial
features
these
have
been
neglected
compared
to
short-range
like
patch
shape
wavelength.
Drawing
inspiration
from
hyperuniform
structures
material
science,
we
find
that
vegetation
pattern
exhibits
dispersion
similar
hyperuniformity.
As
degree
hyperuniformity
increases,
so
does
water-use
efficiency
vegetation.
This
finding
supports
previous
studies
suggest
represent
spatially
optimized
self-organization
ecosystems
for
water
acquisition.
The
Turing-type
significant
slowing
down
near
tipping
point,
indicating
non-negligible
transient
dynamical
behavior.
Reduced
rainfall
not
only
decreases
resilience
steady
state
ecosystem
but
also
slows
rate
optimization
long
regimes.
We
propose
indicates
after
strong,
short-term
disturbances.
Spatially
heterogeneous
disturbances
reduce
lead
longer
recovery
times
than
homogeneous
maintain
Annual Review of Entomology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
62(1), С. 359 - 377
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2017
Large-scale
regular
vegetation
patterns
are
common
in
nature,
but
their
causes
disputed.
Whereas
recent
theory
focuses
on
scale-dependent
feedbacks
as
a
potentially
universal
mechanism,
earlier
studies
suggest
that
many
spatial
result
from
territorial
interference
competition
between
colonies
of
social-insect
ecosystem
engineers,
leading
to
hexagonally
overdispersed
nest
sites
and
associated
vegetation.
Evidence
for
this
latter
mechanism
is
scattered
throughout
decades
disparate
literature
lacks
unified
conceptual
framework,
fueling
skepticism
about
its
generality
debates
over
the
origins
patterned
landscapes.
We
review
these
mechanisms
debates,
finding
evidence
spotted
gapped
generated
by
ants,
termites,
other
subterranean
animals
globally
widespread,
locally
important
functioning,
consistent
with
models
intraspecific
territoriality.
Because
regular-pattern
formation
not
mutually
exclusive
can
coexist
interact
at
different
scales,
prevailing
theoretical
outlook
self-organization
ecology
must
expand
incorporate
dynamic
interplay
multiple
processes.
