Function and functional redundancy in microbial systems

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 2(6), С. 936 - 943

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Forest Soil Bacteria: Diversity, Involvement in Ecosystem Processes, and Response to Global Change

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 81(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2017

The ecology of forest soils is an important field research due to the role forests as carbon sinks. Consequently, a significant amount information has been accumulated concerning their ecology, especially for temperate and boreal forests. Although most studies have focused on fungi, soil bacteria also play roles in this environment. In soils, inhabit multiple habitats with specific properties, including bulk soil, rhizosphere, litter, deadwood habitats, where communities are shaped by nutrient availability biotic interactions. Bacteria contribute range essential processes involved cycling carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus. They take part decomposition dead plant biomass highly fungal mycelia. rhizospheres trees, interact roots mycorrhizal fungi commensalists or mycorrhiza helpers. mediate critical steps nitrogen cycle, N fixation. Bacterial respond effects global change, such climate warming, increased levels dioxide, anthropogenic deposition. This response, however, often reflects specificities each studied ecosystem, it still impossible fully incorporate into predictive models. understanding bacterial advanced dramatically recent years, but incomplete. exact extent contribution ecosystem will be recognized only future, when activities all community members simultaneously.

Язык: Английский

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Soil microbiomes with distinct assemblies through vertical soil profiles drive the cycling of multiple nutrients in reforested ecosystems

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2018

Soil microbiomes play an important role in the services and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known their vertical responses to restoration process contributions soil nutrient cycling subsurface profiles. Here, we investigated community assembly bacteria, archaea, fungi along (i.e., depths 0–300 cm) horizontal distance from trees 30–90 profiles a chronosequence reforestation sites that represent over 30 years restoration. In superficial layers (0–80 cm), bacterial fungal diversity decreased, whereas archaeal increased with increasing depth. As proceeded time, spatial variation communities while increased. Vertical distributions were more related properties, may be driven by gradient effect roots extending tree. Bacterial beta-diversity strongly multi-nutrient soil, respectively, playing major roles deep layers. Taken together, these results reveal new perspective on at fine scale single trees. Distinct response patterns underpinned as function during ex-arable land.

Язык: Английский

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High taxonomic variability despite stable functional structure across microbial communities

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 1(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Microbial indicators for soil quality

Biology and Fertility of Soils, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 54(1), С. 1 - 10

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2017

The living soil is instrumental to key life support functions (LSF) that safeguard on Earth. microbiome has a main role as driver of these LSF. Current global developments, like anthropogenic threats (e.g., via intensive agriculture) and climate change, pose burden functioning. Therefore, it important dispose robust indicators report the nature deleterious changes thus quality. There been long debate best selection biological (bioindicators) Such should ideally describe organisms with in system, or regulatory/connecting roles (so-called keystone species). However, light huge functional redundancy most microbiomes, finding specific markers not trivial task. current rapid development molecular (DNA-based) methods facilitate deciphering microbiomes respect will enable improved criteria by which information can be tuned yield This review critically examines state-of-the-art marker recommends avenues come future systems.

Язык: Английский

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The soil microbiome — from metagenomics to metaphenomics

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 43, С. 162 - 168

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2018

Soil microorganisms carry out important processes, including support of plant growth and cycling carbon other nutrients. However, the majority soil microbes have not yet been isolated their functions are largely unknown. Although metagenomic sequencing reveals microbial identities functional gene information, it includes DNA from with vastly varying physiological states. Therefore, metagenomics is only predictive community potential. We posit that next frontier lies in understanding metaphenome, product combined genetic potential microbiome available resources. Here we describe examples opportunities towards gaining metaphenome.

Язык: Английский

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Blind spots in global soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2020

Soils harbor a substantial fraction of the world's biodiversity, contributing to many crucial ecosystem functions. It is thus essential identify general macroecological patterns related distribution and functioning soil organisms support their conservation consideration by governance. These analyses need represent diversity environmental conditions that can be found worldwide. Here we characterize existing gaps in taxa data across studies 17,186 sampling sites globe. include important spatial, environmental, taxonomic, functional gaps, an almost complete absence temporally explicit data. We also limitations explore biodiversity-ecosystem relationships, with only 0.3% all having both information about biodiversity function, although different taxonomic groups functions at each site. Based on this information, provide clear priorities expand research. Soil organism contributes but function have not been equivalently studied authors locations, environment types, for which there currently lack literature.

Язык: Английский

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Enhanced growth of halophyte plants in biochar‐amended coastal soil: roles of nutrient availability and rhizosphere microbial modulation

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 41(3), С. 517 - 532

Опубликована: Март 28, 2017

Abstract Soil health is essential and irreplaceable for plant growth global food production, which has been threatened by climate change soil degradation. Degraded coastal soils are urgently required to reclaim using new sustainable technologies. Interest in applying biochar improve promote crop yield rapidly increased because of its multiple benefits. However, effects addition on the saline–sodic halophyte were poorly understood. Response two halophytes, Sesbania ( cannabina ) Seashore mallow Kosteletzkya virginica ), individual or co‐application inorganic fertilizer into a was investigated 52 d pot experiment. The alone stimulated (germination, root development, biomass), primarily attributed enhanced nutrient availability from biochar‐improved health. Additionally, promoted microbial activities bacterial community shift towards beneficial taxa (e.g. Pseudomonas Bacillus rhizosphere also contributed biomass. Our findings showed promising significance added at an optimal level (≤5%) could be feasible option degraded soil, enhance increase security.

Язык: Английский

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The molecular processes of urea hydrolysis in relation to ammonia emissions from agriculture

Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 17(2), С. 241 - 258

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2018

Ammonia emissions from the agricultural sector give rise to numerous environmental and societal concerns represent an economic challenge in crop farming, causing a loss of fertilizer nitrogen. agriculture originate manure slurry (livestock housing, storage, fertilization fields) as well urea-based mineral fertilizers. Consequently, political attention has been given ammonia volatilization, regulations have implemented several countries. The molecular cause emission is enzyme urease, which catalyzes hydrolysis urea carbonic acid. Urease present many different organisms, encompassing bacteria, fungi, plants. In agriculture, microorganisms found animal fecal matter soil are responsible for hydrolysis. One strategy reduce application urease inhibitors additives synthetic fertilizers block formation ammonia. However, treatment with associated increased livestock production costs not yet commercialized. Thus, development novel, environmentally friendly cost-effective technologies mitigation important. This mini-review describes challenges volatilization provides overview processes emissions. Different strategies described special focus on use inhibitors. mechanisms action efficiency most important relation will be briefly discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Climate-driven changes in functional biogeography of Arctic marine fish communities

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 114(46), С. 12202 - 12207

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2017

Significance Arctic marine ecosystems are experiencing a rapid biogeographic change following the highest warming rates observed around globe in recent decades. Currently, there no studies of how shifts species composition affecting ecosystem functioning at scale. We address this issue via functional biogeography and show that increasing temperatures reduced ice coverage associated with borealization fish communities. find large body-sized piscivorous semipelagic boreal replacing small-bodied benthivorous species, likely biomass production benthic pelagic compartments their coupling. The documented speed magnitude climate-driven will profoundly alter Arctic.

Язык: Английский

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