Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2021
Abstract
Vesicle
tethers
are
thought
to
underpin
the
efficiency
of
intracellular
fusion
by
bridging
vesicles
their
target
membranes.
However,
interplay
between
tethering
and
has
remained
enigmatic.
Here,
through
optogenetic
control
either
a
natural
tether—the
exocyst
complex—or
an
artificial
tether,
we
report
that
regulates
mode
fusion.
We
find
mainly
undergo
kiss-and-run
instead
full
in
absence
functional
exocyst.
Full
is
rescued
optogenetically
restoring
function,
manner
likely
dependent
on
stoichiometry
tether
engagement
with
plasma
membrane.
In
contrast,
passive
produces
mostly
kissing
events,
suggesting
default
vesicle
Optogenetic
further
shows
physiological
relevance
since
only
could
trigger
lamellipodial
expansion.
These
findings
demonstrate
active
coupling
critical
for
robust
membrane
merger.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
118(21), С. 10659 - 10709
Опубликована: Июль 9, 2018
Sensory
photoreceptors
underpin
light-dependent
adaptations
of
organismal
physiology,
development,
and
behavior
in
nature.
Adapted
for
optogenetics,
sensory
become
genetically
encoded
actuators
reporters
to
enable
the
noninvasive,
spatiotemporally
accurate
reversible
control
by
light
cellular
processes.
Rooted
a
mechanistic
understanding
natural
photoreceptors,
artificial
with
customized
light-gated
function
have
been
engineered
that
greatly
expand
scope
optogenetics
beyond
original
application
light-controlled
ion
flow.
As
we
survey
presently,
UV/blue-light-sensitive
particularly
allowed
transcend
its
initial
neuroscience
applications
unlocking
numerous
additional
processes
parameters
optogenetic
intervention,
including
gene
expression,
DNA
recombination,
subcellular
localization,
cytoskeleton
dynamics,
intracellular
protein
stability,
signal
transduction
cascades,
apoptosis,
enzyme
activity.
The
engineering
novel
benefits
from
powerful
reusable
design
strategies,
most
importantly
association
(un)folding
reactions.
Additionally,
modified
versions
these
same
serve
as
fluorescent
proteins
generators
singlet
oxygen,
thereby
further
enriching
toolkit.
available
upcoming
detailed
quantitative
interrogation
networks
increasingly
more
precise
illuminating
manners.
Biochemical Journal,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
476(1), С. 1 - 23
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2019
Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides
(PPIs)
are
essential
phospholipids
located
in
the
cytoplasmic
leaflet
of
eukaryotic
cell
membranes.
Despite
contributing
only
a
small
fraction
to
bulk
cellular
phospholipids,
they
make
remarkable
contributions
practically
all
aspects
cell's
life
and
death.
They
do
so
by
recruiting
proteins/effectors
or
interacting
with
domains
membrane
proteins
at
membrane–cytoplasm
interface
organize
mold
organelle
identity.
The
present
study
summarizes
our
current
understanding
concerning
metabolism,
manipulation,
measurement,
intimate
roles
these
lipids
play
regulating
homeostasis
vital
signaling
reactions
health
disease.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
102(3), С. 1263 - 1325
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2022
Optogenetics
combines
light
and
genetics
to
enable
precise
control
of
living
cells,
tissues,
organisms
with
tailored
functions.
has
the
advantages
noninvasiveness,
rapid
responsiveness,
tunable
reversibility,
superior
spatiotemporal
resolution.
Following
initial
discovery
microbial
opsins
as
light-actuated
ion
channels,
a
plethora
naturally
occurring
or
engineered
photoreceptors
photosensitive
domains
that
respond
at
varying
wavelengths
ushered
in
next
chapter
optogenetics.
Through
protein
engineering
synthetic
biology
approaches,
genetically
encoded
photoswitches
can
be
modularly
into
scaffolds
host
cells
myriad
biological
processes,
well
behavioral
disease
intervention
vivo.
Here,
we
summarize
these
optogenetic
tools
on
basis
their
fundamental
photochemical
properties
better
inform
chemical
design
principles.
We
also
highlight
exemplary
applications
opsin-free
optogenetics
dissecting
cellular
physiology
(designated
"optophysiology")
describe
current
progress,
future
trends,
wireless
optogenetics,
which
enables
remote
interrogation
physiological
processes
minimal
invasiveness.
This
review
is
anticipated
spark
novel
thoughts
next-generation
devices
promise
accelerate
both
basic
translational
studies.
Cholesterol
is
a
major
structural
component
of
the
plasma
membrane
(PM).
The
majority
PM
cholesterol
forms
complexes
with
other
lipids,
making
it
inaccessible
for
intracellular
transport.
Transition
between
accessible
and
pools
maintains
cellular
homeostasis,
but
how
cells
monitor
accessibility
remains
unclear.
We
show
that
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)-anchored
lipid
transfer
proteins,
GRAMD1s,
sense
transport
to
ER.
GRAMD1s
bind
one
another
populate
ER-PM
contacts
by
sensing
transient
expansion
pool
via
their
GRAM
domains.
They
then
facilitate
this
StART-like
Cells
lack
all
three
exhibit
striking
as
result
less
efficient
ER
cholesterol.
Thus,
movement
in
order
counteract
an
acute
increase
cholesterol,
thereby
activating
non-vesicular
ABSTRACT
The
development
of
multicellular
organisms
is
controlled
by
highly
dynamic
molecular
and
cellular
processes
organized
in
spatially
restricted
patterns.
Recent
advances
optogenetics
are
allowing
protein
function
to
be
with
the
precision
a
pulse
laser
light
vivo,
providing
powerful
new
tool
perturb
developmental
at
wide
range
spatiotemporal
scales.
In
this
Primer,
we
describe
most
commonly
used
optogenetic
tools,
their
application
biology
nascent
field
synthetic
morphogenesis.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2018
Photo-receptors
are
widely
present
in
both
prokaryotic
and
eukaryotic
cells,
which
serves
as
the
foundation
of
tuning
cell
behaviors
with
light.
While
practices
cells
have
been
relatively
established,
trials
bacterial
only
emerging
past
few
years.
A
number
light
sensors
engineered
bacteria
most
them
fall
into
categories
two-component
one-component
systems.
Such
a
sensor
toolbox
has
enabled
controlling
synthetic
circuits
at
level
transcription
protein
activity
is
major
topic
biology
according
to
central
dogma.
Additionally,
served
for
achieving
based
real-time
feedback
control.
Here
we
review
programming
light,
introducing
their
applications,
including
controls
over
microbial
culture.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
31(10), С. 107737 - 107737
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2020
Spatially
and
temporally
varying
patterns
of
morphogen
signals
during
development
drive
cell
fate
specification
at
the
proper
location
time.
However,
current
in
vitro
methods
typically
do
not
allow
for
precise,
dynamic
spatiotemporal
control
signaling
are
thus
insufficient
to
readily
study
how
dynamics
affect
behavior.
Here,
we
show
that
optogenetic
Wnt/β-catenin
pathway
activation
can
be
controlled
user-defined
intensities,
temporal
sequences,
spatial
using
engineered
illumination
devices
photostimulation
light
variable
amplitudes
(LAVA).
By
patterning
human
embryonic
stem
(hESC)
cultures
with
LAVA
enabled
dose-responsive
optoWnt
Brachyury
expression.
Furthermore,
time-varying
spatially
localized
revealed
tissue
models
presentation
Wnt
vitro.
provide
a
low-cost,
user-friendly
method
high-throughput
applications
developmental
biology.
Light-inducible
dimerization
protein
modules
enable
precise
temporal
and
spatial
control
of
biological
processes
in
non-invasive
fashion.
Among
them,
Magnets
are
small
engineered
from
the
Neurospora
crassa
photoreceptor
Vivid
by
orthogonalizing
homodimerization
interface
into
complementary
heterodimers.
Both
components,
which
well-tolerated
as
fusion
partners,
photoreceptors
requiring
simultaneous
photoactivation
to
interact,
enabling
high
spatiotemporal
confinement
with
a
single
excitation
wavelength.
However,
require
concatemerization
for
efficient
responses
cell
preincubation
at
28°C
be
functional.
Here
we
overcome
these
limitations
engineering
an
optimized
pair
neither
nor
low
temperature
preincubation.
We
validated
‘enhanced’
(eMags)
using
them
rapidly
reversibly
recruit
proteins
subcellular
organelles,
induce
organelle
contacts,
reconstitute
OSBP-VAP
ER-Golgi
tethering
implicated
phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate
transport
metabolism.
eMags
represent
very
effective
tool
optogenetically
manipulate
physiological
over
whole
cells
or
volumes.
