The history, systematics, and nomenclature of Thalattosuchia (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha)

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 200(2), С. 547 - 617

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Abstract The use of more than one nomenclatural code is becoming increasingly common in some biological sub-disciplines. To minimize instability, we have decided to establish a higher level systematization for Thalattosuchia under both the International Code Phylogenetic Nomenclature (‘PhyloCode’) and Zoological (‘Zoological Code’). We undertook series phylogenetic analyses with an expanded dataset examine origins within Crocodylomorpha, determined clade’s diagnostic characters. Based on these analyses, provide updated diagnoses its subclades PhyloCode Code. also introduce two new nomina that are regulated (Neothalattosuchia Euthalattosuchia), nomen Dakosaurina, which registered codes. Moreover, PhyloCode-compliant definitions subclades. As cannot reliably discriminate between positional hypotheses clades’ as much mystery today they were over century ago. However, hope using same characters define clades, nomina, codes will be example others follow.

Язык: Английский

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Deep evolutionary diversification of semicircular canals in archosaurs

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(12), С. 2520 - 2529.e6

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of sensory systems

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 71, С. 52 - 59

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Independent origin of large labyrinth size in turtles

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2022

Abstract The labyrinth of the vertebrate inner ear is a sensory system that governs perception head rotations. Central hypotheses predict shape and size are related to ecological adaptations, but this under debate has rarely been tested outside mammals. We analyze evolution morphology its drivers in living fossil turtles, an understudied group underwent multiple locomotory transitions during 230 million years evolution. show turtles have unexpectedly large labyrinths evolved origin aquatic habits. Turtle relatively larger than those mammals, comparable many birds, undermining hypothesis correlates directly with agility across vertebrates. also find variation does not correlate ecology widespread expectation reptilian shapes convey behavioral signal, demonstrating importance groups, like turtles.

Язык: Английский

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Anatomy and relationships of the early diverging Crocodylomorphs Junggarsuchus sloani and Dibothrosuchus elaphros

The Anatomical Record, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 305(10), С. 2463 - 2556

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2022

Abstract The holotype of Junggarsuchus sloani , from the Shishugou Formation (early Late Jurassic) Xinjiang, China, consists a nearly complete skull and anterior half an articulated skeleton, including pectoral girdles, forelimbs, vertebral column, ribs. Here, we describe its anatomy compare it to other early diverging crocodylomorphs, based in part on CT scans that Dibothrosuchus elaphros Early Jurassic China. shares many features with cursorial assemblage informally known as “sphenosuchians,” whose relationships are poorly understood. However, also displays several derived crocodyliform not found among most “sphenosuchians.” Our phylogenetic analysis corroborates hypothesis is closer Crocodyliformes, living crocodylians, than Sphenosuchus but close crocodyliforms Almadasuchus Macelognathus “Sphenosuchia” paraphyletic assemblage. D. acutus hypothesized be more closely related Crocodyliformes remaining non‐crocodyliform which form smaller groups largely unresolved.

Язык: Английский

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Cranial osteology and paleoneurology of Tarjadia ruthae: An erpetosuchid pseudosuchian from the Triassic Chañares Formation (late Ladinian‐?early Carnian) of Argentina

The Anatomical Record, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 307(4), С. 890 - 924

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

Abstract Tarjadia ruthae is a quadrupedal terrestrial pseudosuchian from the Middle‐early Upper Triassic of Chañares Formation, La Rioja Province, Argentina. Originally, this species was identified as an indeterminate archosaur and later doswelliid archosauriform based on very fragmentary specimens characterized by ornamentation skull roof osteoderms. Additional (including skulls postcrania) recovered in last decade show that erpetosuchid, enigmatic group composed six registered Middle‐Upper continental units Tanzania, Germany, Scotland, North America, Brazil, Argentina Parringtonia gracilis Tanzania are best preserved more abundant species. Although monophyly Erpetosuchidae well supported, alternative high‐level positions within Archosauria have been suggested, such sister taxon to Crocodylomorpha, Aetosauria, or Ornithosuchidae. In order improve knowledge about erpetosuchids, we performed detailed description paleoneurological reconstruction , two articulated partial (CRILAR‐Pv 478 CRILAR‐Pv 495) other specimens. We analyzed stratigraphic geographic occurrence historical new provided emended diagnosis (the same for genus species, due monotypy) along with comparative cranial endocast. The robust, thick strongly ornamented roof, triangular dorsal view, concave lateral margins at mid‐length form abrupt widened posterior region. external nares smallest openings skull. antorbital fossa deeply excavated has small heart‐shaped fenestra both lobes pointing anteriorly. supratemporal fenestrae large rounded orbits, infratemporal L‐shaped extensive excavation jugal, quadratojugal quadrate. hemimandibles low, slightly dentigerous region convex region, conferring them S‐shaped profile view. mandibular elliptic, being twice longer than high. maxillary dentition restricted anterior mid rostrum. Since braincase partially damaged, surface brain could not be entirely reconstructed. As result, endocast anteroposteriorly elongated seemingly flat, cephalic flexure seems lower expected suchian. labyrinth wider high, semicircular canals remarkably straight, canal one.

Язык: Английский

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Digital skull anatomy of the Oligocene North American tortoise Stylemys nebrascensis with taxonomic comments on the species and comparisons with extant testudinids of the Gopherus–Manouria clade

Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 143(1)

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

The anatomy of North American tortoises is poorly understood, despite a rich fossil record from the Eocene and younger strata. Stylemys nebrascensis particularly noteworthy turtle in this regard, as hundreds specimens are known Oligocene deposits, species one earliest turtles to have been described scientific literature. Since its initial description based on shell, many with more complete material referred nebrascensis. Here, we review confirm referral an important historic specimen nebrascensis, which includes non-shell postcranial, skull material. This allows us document unique features (e.g., unusual 'poststapedial canal' that connects posterior surface cavum acustico-jugulare) refer another well-preserved species. Based computed-tomography scanning these two skulls, provide detailed cranial mandibular osteology has combination plesiomorphic characteristics retention medial jugal process) derived traits shared extant gopher median premaxillary ridge) suggest it may be stem-representative tortoise lineage. supports hypothesis America form geographically restricted clade split Asian relatives during Paleogene.

Язык: Английский

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Aquatic Habits and Niche Partitioning in the Extraordinarily Long-Necked Triassic Reptile Tanystropheus

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 30(19), С. 3889 - 3895.e2

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The Kinocilia of Cochlear Hair Cells: Structures, Functions, and Diseases

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2021

Primary cilia are evolutionarily conserved and highly specialized organelles that protrude from cell membranes. Mutations in genes encoding ciliary proteins can cause structural functional defects consequently multiple diseases, collectively termed ciliopathies. The mammalian auditory system is responsible for perceiving external sound stimuli ultimately processed the brain through a series of physical biochemical reactions. Here we review structure function primary hair cells, kinocilia, found system. We also discuss areas might prove amenable therapeutic management

Язык: Английский

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Ecomorphological patterns in trigeminal canal branching among sauropsids reveal sensory shift in suchians

Journal of Anatomy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 242(5), С. 927 - 952

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2023

The vertebrate trigeminal nerve is the primary mediator of somatosensory information from endings across face, extending branches through bony canals in face and mandibles, terminating sensory receptors. Reptiles evolved several extreme forms cranial somatosensation which enhanced tissues are present species engaging unique mechanosensory behaviors. However, morphology varies by clade ecology among reptiles. Few lineages approach degree tactile possessed crocodylians, only remaining members a that underwent an ecological transition terrestrial to semiaquatic habitat, also evolving specialized system. It remains be understood how osteological correlates inform adaptations for sensation crocodylians. Here we identify increase abilities Early Jurassic crocodylomorphs, preceding transitions habitat. Through quantification neurovascular canal branching patterns extant phylogenetic bracket quantify morphologies associated with behaviors representative fossil taxa, find stepwise progression increasing density, complexity, distribution primitive archosaurian derived crocodilian condition. Model-based inferences ecologies tested on quantified taxa known indicate parallel pseudosuchians. These findings establish reptile ecomorphology, revealing evolutionary ecology.

Язык: Английский

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