Successional theories

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 98(6), С. 2049 - 2077

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2023

ABSTRACT Succession is a fundamental concept in ecology because it indicates how species populations, communities, and ecosystems change over time on new substrate or after disturbance. A mechanistic understanding of succession needed to predict will respond land‐use design effective ecosystem restoration strategies. Yet, despite century conceptual advances comprehensive successional theory lacking. Here we provide an overview 19 theories (‘models’) their key points, group them based similarity, explain development ideas suggestions move forward. Four groups models can be recognised. The first ( patch & plants ) focuses at the level consists three subgroups that originated early 20th century. One subgroup processes (dispersal, establishment, performance) operate sequentially during succession. Another emphasises individualistic responses succession, this driven by traits. last vegetation structure underlying demographic second provides more holistic view considering ecosystem, its biota, interactions, diversity, processes. third landscape considers larger spatial scale includes effect surrounding matrix as distance neighbouring patches determines potential for seed dispersal, quality abundance composition sources biotic dispersal vectors. fourth socio‐ecological systems human component focusing where management practices have long‐lasting legacies pathways regrowing vegetations deliver range services local global stakeholders. four differ (patch, landscape) organisational (plant species, system), increase scope, reflect increasingly broader perspective time. They coincide approximately with periods prevailing time, although all views still coexist. are: (from 1910 onwards) was seen through lens replacement; communities 1965 when there succession; landscapes 2000 realised strongly impact pathways, increased remote‐sensing technology allowed better quantification context; people 2015 societal drivers strong effects are important well‐being, most successful done people. Our review suggests hierarchical framework Pickett best starting point forward already several factors, flexible, enabling application different systems. mainly replacement could improved occurring scales (population, community, integrating recent developments other models: (landscape, region), temporal (ecosystem centuries, evolution), taking (landscape integrity composition, disperser community) factors (previous current intensity) into account. Such new, tested using combination empirical research, experiments, process‐based modelling novel tools. Applying seres across broadscale environmental disturbance gradients allows insight what matter under conditions.

Язык: Английский

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A comprehensive framework for vegetation succession

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Succession is defined as a directional change in species populations, the community, and ecosystem at site following disturbance. fundamental concept ecology it links different disciplines. An improved understanding of succession urgently needed Anthropocene to predict widespread effects global on recovery, but comprehensive successional framework (CSF) lacking. A CSF synthesize results, draw generalizations, advance theory, make decisions for restoration. We first show that an integral part socio‐ecological system dynamics driven by social ecological factors operating spatial scales, ranging from patch globe. then present local scale (patch landscape) which takes place explain underlying processes mechanisms scale. The reflects increasingly broader perspective includes recent theoretical advances not only focusing replacement also development, considering system, taking effect past current land use, landscape context, biotic interactions, feedback loops into account. discuss how can be used integrate studies, its implications

Язык: Английский

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Functional Traits and Species Identity Drive Decomposition Along a Successional Gradient in Upper Andean Tropical Forests

Biotropica, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 57(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Leaf litter decomposition constitutes one of the most vital processes for maintaining productivity and carbon release in ecosystems. However, this remains least understood upper Andean tropical forests (UATF), a highly diverse ecoregion that has undergone extensive transformation over centuries. In study, we aimed to determine relationships between rates leaf litter, functional traits, microclimatic conditions along successional gradient UATF. We also tested “after‐life effect” by analyzing changes green senescent leaves. performed fully reciprocal translocation experiment with 15 representative species UATF set 14 permanent plots using 2520 litterbags distributed across 42 experimental units (three litterbeds per plot), 1.5 years, four harvesting times (3, 6, 12, 18 months). Chemical physical traits were measured leaves identify best predictors analyze effect.” found identity drive UATF, rather than succession soil moisture temperature. The relative importance was prevalent all stages decay, despite being stronger early phases. Although an decomposition, chemical composition from indicated substantial nitrogen resorption, which is limiting resource montane forests. With increasing landscape plant could have profound impacts altering rates, nutrient cycling, global storage.

Язык: Английский

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Soundscapes and deep learning enable tracking biodiversity recovery in tropical forests

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2023

Tropical forest recovery is fundamental to addressing the intertwined climate and biodiversity loss crises. While regenerating trees sequester carbon relatively quickly, pace of remains contentious. Here, we use bioacoustics metabarcoding measure post-agriculture in a global hotspot Ecuador. We show that community composition, not species richness, vocalizing vertebrates identified by experts reflects restoration gradient. Two automated measures - an acoustic index model bird composition derived from independently developed Convolutional Neural Network correlated well with (adj-R² = 0.62 0.69, respectively). Importantly, both reflected non-vocalizing nocturnal insects via metabarcoding. such monitoring tools, based on new technologies, can effectively monitor success recovery, using robust reproducible data.

Язык: Английский

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Biomass recovery along a tropical forest succession: Trends on tree diversity, wood traits and stand structure

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 555, С. 121709 - 121709

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Plant distribution, ecological traits and diversity patterns of vegetation in subtropical managed forests as guidelines for forest management policy

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Forest vegetation is an important component of forest ecosystems, contributing to terrestrial plant diversity while also providing a variety ecological services. In managed landscapes, plantations emerge as dominant kinds after stand-replacing disturbances. However, the dynamics cover, diversity, and composition in plantation forests remains poorly understood subtropical region. Our study recorded rich floral with 173 angiosperm species, characterized by varying life forms distinct flowering phenology. The uneven distribution species across families demonstrated complexity ecosystem, Poaceae being dominant. Diversity patterns among different types varied, Dalbergia sissoo Populus nigra exhibiting higher richness diversity. Conversely, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Morus alba displayed lower emphasizing influence type on biodiversity. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) PERMANOVA analyses revealed significant dissimilarity composition. Indicator analysis identified unique compositions within each type, importance conserving specific protect indicator maintained distinctiveness. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) that road accessibility, stem cutting, fire significantly influenced patterns. present research underscored considering management for biodiversity conservation highlighted environmental variables’ formation communities. These results provided major implications sustainable efforts tropical regions.

Язык: Английский

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Reassembly of a tropical rainforest: A new chronosequence in the Chocó tested with the recovery of tree attributes

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Abstract From hunting and foraging to clearing land for agriculture, humans modify forest biodiversity, landscapes, climate. Forests constantly undergo disturbance–recovery dynamics, understanding them is a major objective of ecologists conservationists. Chronosequences are useful tool global restoration efforts. They represent space‐for‐time substitution approach suited the quantification resistance ecosystem properties withstand disturbance resilience these until reaching pre‐disturbance levels. Here, we introduce newly established chronosequence with 62 plots in active cacao plantations pastures, early late regeneration, old‐growth forests extremely wet Chocó rainforest. Plots were located across 200‐km 2 area, total area 95 km within 1‐km radius. Our covers largest compared others Neotropics 15.5 ha. ranged from 159 615 m above sea level forested landscape 74% ± 2.8% cover radius including substantial cover. Land‐use legacy regeneration time not confounded by elevation. We tested how six structure variables (maximum tree height dbh, basal number stems, vertical vegetation heterogeneity, light availability), aboveground biomass (AGB), rarefied species richness change along our chronosequence. Forest variables, AGB, increased predicted reach similar levels those forests. Compared previous work Neotropics, Canandé accumulate high AGB that takes one spans reported recovery. comprises pools, regenerating forests, has higher than other Neotropical chronosequences. Hence, can be used determine recovery stability (resistance resilience) different taxa functions, interaction networks. This integrative effort will ultimately help understand most diverse on planet recovers large‐scale disturbances.

Язык: Английский

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Drivers and benefits of natural regeneration in tropical forests

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Temperature and Rainfall Patterns Constrain the Multidimensional Rewilding of Global Forests

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(18)

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2022

Abstract The long‐term contribution of global forest restoration to support multiple dimensions biodiversity and ecosystem function remains largely illusive across contrasting climates types. This hampers the capacity predict future rewilding under changing climates. Here, 120 studies are synthesized five continents, it is found that promotes such as soil fertility, plant biomass, microbial habitat, carbon sequestration Based on relationship between stand age organic stock, planting 350 million hectares UN Bonn Challenge can sequester >30 Gt C in surface 20 cm over next century. However, these findings also indicate predicted increases temperature reductions precipitation constrain positive effects function. Further, important tradeoffs very old forests, with considerable disconnection Together, provide evidence importance multidimensional suggesting on‐going climatic changes may dampen expectations

Язык: Английский

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Landscape-scale forest cover drives the predictability of forest regeneration across the Neotropics

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 290(1990)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Abandonment of agricultural lands promotes the global expansion secondary forests, which are critical for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions services. Such roles largely depend, however, on two essential successional attributes, trajectory recovery rate, expected to depend landscape-scale forest cover in nonlinear ways. Using a multi-scale approach large vegetation dataset (843 plots, 3511 tree species) from 22 chronosequences distributed across Neotropics, we show that trajectories woody plant species richness, stem density basal area less predictable landscapes (4 km radius) with intermediate (40–60%) than high (greater 60%) cover. This supports theory suggesting spatial environmental heterogeneity intermediately deforested can increase variation key ecological factors (e.g. seed dispersal seedling recruitment), increasing uncertainty trajectories. Regarding only richness is positively related relatively small (1 landscapes. These findings highlight importance using spatially explicit landscape restoration initiatives suggest these be more effective forested landscapes, especially if implemented extents 1–4 radius.

Язык: Английский

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