Insights into the Cultured Bacterial Fraction of Corals

mSystems, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 6(3)

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2021

Our paper is the first study to synthesize currently available but decentralized data of cultured microbes associated with corals. We were able collate 3,055 isolates across a number published studies and unpublished collections from various laboratories researchers around world.

Язык: Английский

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Energetic and reproductive costs of coral recovery in divergent bleaching responses

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2021

Abstract Mass thermal bleaching events are a primary threat to coral reefs, yet the sublethal impacts, particularly on energetics and reproduction, poorly characterized. Given that persistence of populations is contingent upon reproduction individuals survive disturbances, there an urgent need understand effects reproductive output accurately predict recovery rates. In 2019, French Polynesian island Mo’orea experienced severe mass event accompanied by widespread mortality. At most heavily impacted sites, we observed Acropora hyacinthus were resistant bleaching, alongside colonies bleached but showed signs symbiont shortly after event. We collected fragments from A. five months post-bleaching and, using energetic assays histological measurements, examined physiological consequences these two distinct heat stress responses. Despite healthy appearances in both recovered corals, found had significantly reduced energy reserves compared colonies. addition, detected compound reproduction: displayed lower probability containing gametes fecundity per polyp. Our results indicate inflicts constraint concurrent re-accumulation development material, with decreased potential survivors possibly hampering overall reef resilience. These findings highlight presence intraspecific responses importance considering multiple trajectories for individual species when predicting population following disturbance.

Язык: Английский

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Empirically derived thermal thresholds of four coral species along the Red Sea using a portable and standardized experimental approach

Coral Reefs, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 41(2), С. 239 - 252

Опубликована: Март 22, 2022

Abstract Global warming is causing an unprecedented loss of species and habitats worldwide. This particularly apparent for tropical coral reefs, with increasing number reefs experiencing mass bleaching mortality on annual basis. As such, there a growing need standardized experimental approach to rapidly assess the thermal limits corals predict survival across regions. Using portable system, Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS), we conducted 18 h acute stress assays quantitively determine upper four length Red Sea coastline, from Gulf Aqaba (GoA) Djibouti (~ 2100 km). We measured dark-acclimated photosynthetic efficiency ( F v /F m ), algal symbiont density, chlorophyll a, visual intensity following heat stress. was most precise response variable assessed, advancing effective dose 50 (ED50, i.e., temperature at which 50% initial measured) as empirically derived proxy tolerance. ED50 thresholds central/southern populations were consistently higher Acropora hemprichii, Pocillopora verrucosa, Stylophora pistillata (0.1–1.8 °C above GoA corals, respectively), in line prevailing warmer maximum monthly means (MMMs), though lower than relative site MMMs (1.5–3.0 °C). P. verrucosa had lowest overall. Despite coming hottest site, Porites lobata southern Sea, suggesting long-term physiological damage or ongoing recovery severe, prior event. Altogether, CBASS resolved historical, taxonomic, possibly recent environmental drivers variation thresholds, highlighting potential standardized, short-term assay universal assessing ecological evolutionary corals.

Язык: Английский

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Greater functional diversity and redundancy of coral endolithic microbiomes align with lower coral bleaching susceptibility

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(10), С. 2406 - 2420

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2022

Abstract The skeleton of reef-building coral harbors diverse microbial communities that could compensate for metabolic deficiencies caused by the loss algal endosymbionts, i.e., bleaching. However, it is unknown to what extent endolith taxonomic diversity and functional potential might contribute thermal resilience. Here we exposed Goniastrea edwardsi Porites lutea, two common corals from central Red Sea a 17-day long heat stress. Using hyperspectral imaging, marker gene/metagenomic sequencing, NanoSIMS, characterized their endolithic microbiomes together with 15N 13C assimilation skeletal compartments: band directly below tissue deep skeleton. bleaching-resistant G. was associated greater redundancy exhibited lower N C than endoliths in bleaching-sensitive P. lutea. We propose primary productivity can be attributed dominance chemolithotrophs. Lower production within may prevent unbalanced nutrient fluxes tissues under stress, thereby preserving nutrient-limiting conditions characteristic stable coral-algal symbiosis. Our findings link microbiome structure function bleaching susceptibility, providing new avenues understanding eventually mitigating reef loss.

Язык: Английский

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Coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling regulates the cnidarian–algal symbiosis

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Efficient nutrient recycling underpins the ecological success of cnidarian-algal symbioses in oligotrophic waters. In these symbioses, nitrogen limitation restricts growth algal endosymbionts hospite and stimulates their release photosynthates to cnidarian host. However, mechanisms controlling availability role symbiosis regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we studied metabolic symbiotic cycling sea anemone Aiptasia by experimentally altering labile carbon a series experiments. Combining

Язык: Английский

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Molecular insights into the Darwin paradox of coral reefs from the sea anemone Aiptasia

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(11)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

Symbiotic cnidarians such as corals and anemones form highly productive biodiverse coral reef ecosystems in nutrient-poor ocean environments, a phenomenon known Darwin's paradox. Resolving this paradox requires elucidating the molecular bases of efficient nutrient distribution recycling cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Using sea anemone Aiptasia, we show that during symbiosis, increased availability glucose presence algae jointly induce coordinated up-regulation relocalization ammonium transporters. These responses are critical to support symbiont functioning organism-wide nitrogen assimilation through glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase-mediated amino acid biosynthesis. Our results reveal crucial aspects mechanisms underlying conservation these organisms allow them thrive nitrogen-poor environments.

Язык: Английский

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Disparate population and holobiont structure of pocilloporid corals across the Red Sea gradient demonstrate species‐specific evolutionary trajectories

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(9), С. 2151 - 2173

Опубликована: Март 3, 2023

Abstract Global habitat degradation heightens the need to better understand patterns of genetic connectivity and diversity marine biota across geographical ranges guide conservation efforts. Corals Red Sea are subject pronounced environmental differences, but studies so far suggest that animal populations largely connected, excepting evidence for a break between northern‐central southern regions. Here, we investigated population structure holobiont assemblage two common pocilloporid corals, Pocillopora verrucosa Stylophora pistillata , Sea. We found little differentiation in P. except southernmost site. Conversely, S. exhibited complex with within‐reef regional differentiation, line differences their reproductive mode ( is broadcast spawner brooder). Analysis genomic loci under positive selection identified 85 sites (18 which were coding sequences) distinguished from remainder population. By comparison, 128 (24 residing local adaptation at various sites. Functional annotation underlying proteins revealed putative roles response stress, lipid metabolism, transport, cytoskeletal rearrangement, ciliary function (among others). Microbial assemblages both coral species showed pervasive association microalgal symbionts genus Symbiodinium (former clade A) bacteria Endozoicomonas significant according host genotype environment. The disparity even closely related (family Pocilloporidae) highlights multispecies investigations role environment shaping evolutionary trajectories. It further emphasizes importance networks reef reserves achieve variants critical future survival ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Host starvation and in hospite degradation of algal symbionts shape the heat stress response of the Cassiopea-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Abstract Background Global warming is causing large-scale disruption of cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae symbioses fundamental to major marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs. However, the mechanisms by which heat stress perturbs these symbiotic partnerships remain poorly understood. In this context, upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea has emerged a powerful experimental model system. Results We combined controlled experiment with isotope labeling and correlative SEM-NanoSIMS imaging show that host starvation central component in chain events ultimately leads collapse holobiont. Heat caused an increase catabolic activity depletion carbon reserves unfed host, concurrent reduction supply photosynthates from its algal symbionts. This state was accompanied pronounced hospite degradation symbionts, may be distinct feature response . Interestingly, loss symbionts concealed body shrinkage starving animals, resulting what could referred “invisible” bleaching. Conclusions Overall, our study highlights importance nutritional status Compared other cnidarians, large mesoglea , structural sugar protein content, constitute energy reservoir capable delaying starvation. It seems plausible anatomical at least partly contributes relatively high tolerance animals rapidly oceans.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental Concentrations of Herbicide Prometryn Render Stress-Tolerant Corals Susceptible to Ocean Warming

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(10), С. 4545 - 4557

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Global warming has caused the degradation of coral reefs around world. While stress-tolerant corals have demonstrated ability to acclimatize ocean warming, it remains unclear whether they can sustain their thermal resilience when superimposed with other coastal environmental stressors. We report combined impacts a photosystem II (PSII) herbicide, prometryn, and on Galaxea fascicularis through physiological omics analyses. The results demonstrate that heat-stress-induced inhibition photosynthetic efficiency in G. is exacerbated presence prometryn. Transcriptomics metabolomics analyses indicate prometryn exposure may overwhelm repair mechanism corals, thereby compromising capacity for acclimation. Moreover, might amplify adverse effects heat stress key energy nutrient metabolism pathways induce stronger response oxidative corals. findings at environmentally relevant concentrations would render more susceptible exacerbate breakdown Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis. present study provides valuable insights into necessity prioritizing PSII herbicide pollution reduction reef protection efforts while mitigating climate change.

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of robotic efficacy in coral reef monitoring techniques

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 202, С. 116273 - 116273

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024

Coral reefs are home to a variety of species, and their preservation is popular study area; however, monitoring them significant challenge, for which the use robots offers promising answer. The purpose this analyze current techniques tools employed in coral reef monitoring, with focus on role robotics its potential transforming sector. Using systematic review methodology examining peer-reviewed literature across engineering earth sciences from Scopus database focusing "robotics" "coral reef" keywords, article divided into three sections: case studies. initial findings indicated strategies, each own advantages disadvantages. Case studies have also highlighted global application emphasizing challenges opportunities unique context. Robotic interventions driven by artificial intelligence machine learning led new era monitoring. Such developments not only improve but support conservation restoration these vulnerable ecosystems. Further research required, particularly robotic systems nurseries maximizing health both indoor open-sea settings.

Язык: Английский

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