Microbiome Stability Is Linked to Acropora Coral Thermotolerance in Northwestern Philippines

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 27(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Corals associate with a diverse community of prokaryotic symbionts that provide nutrition, antioxidants and other protective compounds to their host. However, the influence microbes on coral thermotolerance remains understudied. Here, we examined microbial communities associated colonies Acropora cf. tenuis exhibit high or low upon exposure 33°C (heated) relative 29°C (control). Using 16S rRNA sequencing, show structure all A. was similar each at control temperature. Thermotolerant colonies, however, had relatively greater abundance Endozoicomonas, Arcobacter, Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus. At elevated temperature, only thermosensitive showed distinct shift in microbiome, an increase Flavobacteriales, Rhodobacteraceae Vibrio, accompanying marked bleaching response. Functional prediction indicated thermotolerant corals were enriched for genes related metabolism, while microbiomes cell motility antibiotic compound synthesis. These differences may contribute variable performance under thermal stress. Identification taxa correlated provides insights into beneficial bacterial groups could be used microbiome engineering support reef health changing climate.

Язык: Английский

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Destabilization of mutualistic interactions shapes the early heat stress response of the coral holobiont

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

The stability of the symbiotic relationship between coral and their dinoflagellate algae (Symbiodiniaceae) is disrupted by ocean warming. Although thermal response depends on complex interactions host, Symbiodiniaceae prokaryotes, mechanisms underlying initial destabilization these symbioses are poorly understood. In a 2-month manipulative experiment, we exposed Porites lutea to gradually increasing temperatures corresponding 0-8 degree heating weeks (DHW) assessed holobiont using transcriptomics, microbial 16S rRNA gene sequencing physiological measurements. From early stages heat stress (< 1 DHW), increase in metabolic turnover shifted net heterotrophic state which algal-derived nutrients were insufficient meet host energy demands, resulting reduced performance at DHW. We postulate altered nutrient cycling also affected coral-associated community, with relative abundance Endozoicomonas bacteria declining under stress. Integration responses correlated this decline an expression ADP-ribosylation factor, suggesting that may underlie similar endosymbiotic regulatory processes. thermotolerance holobionts therefore influenced nutritional status its members interactions, identified interdependency highlights importance applying integrative approach guide reef conservation efforts. Video Abstract.

Язык: Английский

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The Thermal Stress History of South Atlantic Reefs Reveals Increasing Intensity, Duration, Frequency, and Likely Undocumented Bleaching Episodes

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

The primary consequence of global warming for reefs is coral bleaching, often leading to extensive mortality. Although bleaching well-documented globally, the thermal stress and experienced by unique South Atlantic remain largely unknown due insufficient monitoring on both spatial temporal scales. Therefore, this work aimed reconstruct past episodes across reefs, assessed whether are becoming more intense, longer-lasting, frequent. We retrieved daily 5 km-resolution Degree Heating Week (DHW) data from U.S. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration Coral Reef Watch server 33 reef sites spanning last 40 years. For each episode, we intensity (maximum DHW value), duration (number continuous days under stress), frequency between episodes). Generalized linear models were fitted intensity, duration, evaluate influence latitude time x region interaction as predictors. recorded multiple episodes, increasing 2010 onwards, ranging 10 1985-89 75 2020-24. Intensity increased over entire Atlantic. Frequency also Southwestern coast oceanic islands, but not Africa. Episodes at higher latitudes prolonged, validity history reconstruction was groundtruthed using information Abrolhos Bank, only consistently monitored site in Atlantic-DHW accurately matched observed site. With this, our dataset shows that likely occurred Atlantic, went undocumented field. currently available underestimates extent occurring area, which experiencing increases stress.

Язык: Английский

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Nitrogen source type modulates heat stress response in coral symbiont ( Cladocopium goreaui )

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

ABSTRACT Ocean warming due to climate change endangers coral reefs, and regional nitrogen overloading exacerbates the vulnerability of reef-building corals as dual stress disrupts coral–Symbiodiniaceae mutualism. Different forms may create different interactive effects with thermal stress, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To address gap, we measured compared physiological transcriptional responses Symbiodiniaceae Cladocopium goreaui heat (31°C) when supplied types (nitrate, ammonium, or urea). Under (HS), cell proliferation photosynthesis C. declined, while size, lipid storage, total antioxidant capacity increased, both varied extents depending on type. Nitrate-cultured cells exhibited most robust acclimation HS, evidenced by fewest differentially expressed genes (DEGs) less ROS accumulation, possibly activated nitrate reduction enhanced ascorbate biogenesis. Ammonium-grown cultures higher algal scavenging carotenoid quenching, potentially reduced host recognizability downregulation N-glycan biosynthesis genes. Urea utilization led greatest accumulation involved in photorespiration, plant respiratory burst oxidase (RBOH), protein refolding were markedly upregulated, cutdown photosynthate available photoinhibition selfish indicating detrimental urea overloading. The differential nitrogen-type documented here has significant implication mutualism, which requires further research. IMPORTANCE Regional pollution globally rising sea-surface temperature, exerting effects. How this occurs is poorly understood understudied. This study explored mechanism comparing a symbiont under supplies results showed some common, well unique, N-source dependent responses. These findings underscore that eutrophication not all same, form should be considered conservation, special attention given pollution.

Язык: Английский

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Microbial Processes and Nutrient Uptake in the Coral Holobiont and Reef Ecosystems

Coral reefs of the world, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 113 - 130

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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