Tomographic Retrievals of Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Aerosol

Geophysical Research Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 50(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Abstract The 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai volcano caused substantial impacts on atmosphere, including a massive injection water vapor, and largest increase in stratospheric aerosol for 30 years. Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb instrument has been critical monitoring amount spread volcanic stratosphere. We show that rapid imagery from OMPS enables tomographic retrieval extinction reduces bias up to factor two, improves vertical structure agreement with coincident lidar occultation observations. Due vertically thin heterogeneous nature aerosol, this integrated values across latitude, altitude, time several months. also investigate systematic impact uncertainty assumed particle size result an underestimation at peak layer.

Язык: Английский

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Pyrocumulonimbus affect average stratospheric aerosol composition

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 379(6634), С. 815 - 820

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023

Pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) are wildfire-generated convective clouds that can inject smoke directly into the stratosphere. PyroCb have been tracked for years, yet their apparent rarity and episodic nature lead to highly uncertain climate impacts. In situ measurements of pyroCb reveal its distinctive exceptionally stable aerosol properties define long-term influence activity on stratospheric budget. Analysis 13 years airborne observations shows responsible 10 25% black carbon organic aerosols in "present-day" lower stratosphere, with similar impacts both North South Hemispheres. These results suggest that, should increase frequency and/or magnitude future climates, they could generate dominant trends aerosol.

Язык: Английский

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Opinion: Atmospheric multiphase chemistry – past, present, and future

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(17), С. 9765 - 9785

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2023

Abstract. Multiphase chemistry occurs between chemicals in different atmospheric phases, typically involving gas–solid and gas–liquid interactions. The importance of multiphase has long been recognized. Its central role extends from acid precipitation stratospheric ozone depletion to its impact on the oxidizing capacity troposphere roles that aerosol particles play driving chemistry–climate interactions affecting human health. This opinion article briefly introduces subject tracks development before after start Atmospheric Chemistry Physics. Most focuses research opportunities challenges field. Central themes are a fundamental understanding at molecular level underpins ability accurately predict environmental change discipline is strongest when tightly connected modeling field observations.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of the Hunga Tonga volcanic eruption on stratospheric composition

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(46)

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2023

The explosive eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcano on 15 January 2022 injected more water vapor into stratosphere and to higher altitudes than ever observed in satellite era. Here, evolution stratospherically is examined as a function latitude, altitude, time year following (February December 2022), perturbations stratospheric chemical composition resulting from increased sulfate aerosols are identified analyzed. average calculated mass distribution elevated between hemispheres approximately 78% Southern Hemisphere (SH) 22% Northern 2022. Significant changes HTHH using observations Aura Microwave Limb Sounder instrument. dominant features monthly mean vertical profiles averaged over 15° latitude ranges decreases O3 (-14%) HCl (-22%) at SH midlatitudes increases ClO (>100%) HNO3 (43%) tropics, with peak pressure-level listed. Anomalies column ozone 1.2-100 hPa due include widespread reductions anomalies latitude-binned, averages -7% +5%, respectively, occurring austral spring. Using 3-dimensional chemistry-climate-aerosol model observational tracer correlations, found be both dynamical factors.

Язык: Английский

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Strong Evidence of Heterogeneous Processing on Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol in the Extrapolar Southern Hemisphere Following the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 128(16)

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2023

Abstract The January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HT‐HH) caused the largest enhancement in stratospheric aerosol loading decades and produced an unprecedented water vapor, leading to strong cooling that turn induced changes large‐scale circulation. Here we use satellite measurements gas‐phase constituents together with extinction investigate extent which thick aerosol, excess moisture, enabled heterogeneous chemical processing. In southern tropics, unambiguous signatures substantial chlorine nitrogen repartitioning appear over a broad vertical domain almost immediately after eruption, depletion N 2 O 5 , NO x HCl accompanied by HNO 3 ClO, ClONO . After initially rising steeply, ClO plateau, maintaining fairly constant abundances for several months. These patterns are consistent saturation hydrolysis, suggesting this reaction is primary mechanism observed composition changes. midlatitudes subtropics show similar but weaker enhancements those regions, however, effects anomalous transport dominate evolution HCl, obscuring signs Perturbations species considerably than measured midlatitude stratosphere 2020 following Australian New Year's fires. moderate HT‐HH‐induced reactive seen throughout middle low‐latitude stratosphere, far smaller typical winter polar vortices, do not lead appreciable ozone loss; rather, extrapolar lower‐stratospheric remains primarily controlled dynamical processes.

Язык: Английский

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Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions

National Science Review, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

ABSTRACT Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions mainly volatile compounds (VOCs). While intermediate volatility (IVOCs) efficient precursors and contribute considerable fraction emissions, their contribution to formation has not been directly observed. Here, by deploying newly-developed oxidation flow reactor study wood burning, we find IVOCs can ∼70% formed SOA, i.e. >2 times more than VOCs. This previously missing is interpreted be due high wall losses semi-volatile products chambers. The finding this reveals production much higher thought, highlights urgent need for research on potentially other emission sources.

Язык: Английский

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Australian wildfires cause the largest stratospheric warming since Pinatubo and extends the lifetime of the Antarctic ozone hole

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2022

Global mean lower stratosphere temperatures rose abruptly in January 2020 reaching values not experienced since the early 1990s. Anomalously high stratospheric were recorded for 4 months at highly statistically significant levels. Here, we use a combination of satellite and surface-based remote sensing observations to derive time-series biomass burning aerosol optical depths originating from intense SouthEastern Australian wildfires these state-of-the-art climate model. We show that S.E. are cause this warming. also investigate radiatively-driven dynamical response observed ozone perturbation find strengthening springtime Antarctic polar vortex suggesting aerosols play role anomalous longevity hole 2020.

Язык: Английский

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Ozone depletion in the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere induced by wildfire smoke

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22(17), С. 11701 - 11726

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2022

Abstract. A record-breaking stratospheric ozone loss was observed over the Arctic and Antarctica in 2020. Strong depletion occurred 2021 as well. The holes developed smoke-polluted air. In this article, impact of Siberian Australian wildfire smoke (dominated by organic aerosol) on extraordinarily strong reduction is discussed. study based aerosol lidar observations North Pole region (October 2019–May 2020) Punta Arenas southern Chile at 53.2∘ S (January 2020–November 2021) well respective NDACC (Network for Detection Atmospheric Composition Change) profile (Ny-Ålesund) (Neumayer South stations) 2020 2021. We present a conceptual approach how may have influenced formation polar clouds (PSCs), which are key importance ozone-depleting processes. main results follows: (a) direct below PSC height range (at 10–12 km) seems to be similar well-known volcanic sulfate effects. At heights km, particle surface area (SA) concentrations 5–7 µm2 cm−3 (Antarctica, spring 6–10 (Arctic, were correlated with an terms partial pressure 0.4–1.2 mPa (about 30 % further Antarctica) 2–3.5 20 %–30 respect long-term springtime mean). (b) Within range, we found indications that able slightly increase number concentration. particular, smoke-related additional 1–2 (10 %–20 contribution total 14–23 km September–October Smoke ranged from 10 100 about factor (in 5 above background level. Satellite indicated mean column (deviation mean) 26–30 Dobson units (9 %–10 %, September 2020, 52–57 (17 October latitudinal Antarctic belt 70–80∘ S.

Язык: Английский

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Self-lofting of wildfire smoke in the troposphere and stratosphere: simulations and space lidar observations

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(4), С. 2901 - 2925

Опубликована: Март 3, 2023

Abstract. Wildfire smoke is known as a highly absorptive aerosol type in the shortwave wavelength range. The absorption of sunlight by optically thick layers results heating ambient air. This translated into self-lofting up to more than 1 km altitude per day. study aims for detailed analysis tropospheric and stratospheric lofting rates based on simulations observations. main goal demonstrate that radiative intense plumes capable them from lower middle free troposphere (injection heights) tropopause without need pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) convection. further subsequent ascent within stratosphere (caused self-lofting) already well documented literature. Simulations absorbed solar radiation particles resulting rates, which are then converted conducted using ECRAD (European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Radiation) scheme. As input parameters thermodynamic profiles CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) reanalysis data, ground-based lidar observations, radiosonde potential temperature profiles, CALIOP (Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) measurements, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) optical depth retrievals were used. sensitivity revealed rate strongly depends thickness (AOT), layer depth, height, black carbon (BC) fraction. We also looked at influence different meteorological such cloudiness, relative humidity, gradient. To applicability our model, we compared processes observed after major pyroCb events (Canadian fires 2017, Australian 2019–2020). analyzed long-term observations evolving UTLS (upper stratosphere) height region over Siberia adjacent Arctic Ocean during summer season 2019. Our indicate contributed vertical transport smoke. hypothesize formation near-tropopause layer, CALIOP, was result because this line simulations. Furthermore, Raman-lidar-based typing (in Leipzig High Arctic) clearly indicated dominance since August 2019, most probably self-lofting.

Язык: Английский

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Climate, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity of “Middle Atmosphere” Chemistry Configurations of the Community Earth System Model Version 2, Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (CESM2(WACCM6))

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Simulating whole atmosphere dynamics, chemistry, and physics is computationally expensive. It can require high vertical resolution throughout the middle upper atmosphere, as well a comprehensive chemistry aerosol scheme coupled to radiation physics. An unintentional outcome of development one most sophisticated hence expensive model configurations that it often excludes broad community users with limited computational resources. Here, we analyze two Community Earth System Model Version 2, Whole Atmosphere Climate 6 (CESM2(WACCM6)) simplified "middle atmosphere" at nominal 1 2° horizontal resolutions. Using observations, reanalysis, direct comparisons, find these generally reproduce climate, variability, climate sensitivity 1° configuration chemistry. While background stratospheric optical depth elevated in compared configuration, comparable among all during volcanic eruptions. For any purposes other than those needing an accurate representation tropospheric organic secondary aerosols, deliver reliable simulations 35% 86% fewer resources resolution, respectively.

Язык: Английский

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