Farmland practices are driving bird population decline across Europe

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(21)

Опубликована: Май 15, 2023

Declines in European bird populations are reported for decades but the direct effect of major anthropogenic pressures on such declines remains unquantified. Causal relationships between and population responses difficult to identify as interact at different spatial scales vary among species. Here, we uncover time-series 170 common species, monitored more than 20,000 sites 28 countries, over 37 y, four widespread pressures: agricultural intensification, change forest cover, urbanisation temperature last decades. We quantify influence each pressure its importance relative other pressures, traits most affected find that particular pesticides fertiliser use, is main declines, especially invertebrate feeders. Responses changes species-specific. Specifically, cover associated with a positive growing negative dynamics, while has an dynamics large number populations, magnitude direction which depend species' thermal preferences. Our results not only confirm pervasive strong effects breeding birds, strength these stressing urgent need transformative way inhabiting world if shall have chance recovering.

Язык: Английский

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Securing success for the Nature Restoration Law

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 382(6676), С. 1248 - 1250

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2023

In an attempt to halt and reverse biodiversity losses, the European Commission has proposed a new regulation, Nature Restoration Law (NRL). It could become cornerstone of Europe’s ambitions restore ecosystem services for decades come (1) demonstrate global leadership in addressing ongoing environmental crises. The draft law, which is first globally, been under political pressure from various sides, scientists have contributed intensively discussion (2). After trilogue negotiations among Parliament, Council Europe, Commission, final text NRL agreed on (see box). However, it will still be subject votes within Parliament. Here, we assess potential overcome problems associated with implementation related Union (EU) legislation, strategies, policies what can learned NRL.

Язык: Английский

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Down-the-drain pathways for fipronil and imidacloprid applied as spot-on parasiticides to dogs: Estimating aquatic pollution

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 917, С. 170175 - 170175

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Fipronil and imidacloprid have been widely detected in UK surface waters recent years, often at concentrations that ecotoxicological studies shown can harm aquatic life. Down-the-drain (DTD) passage of pet flea tick treatments are being implicated as an important source, with many the UK's 22 million cats dogs receiving routine, year-round preventative doses containing these parasiticides. The Water Industry's 3rd Chemical Investigation Programme (UKWIR CIP3) has confirmed wastewater a major entry pathway for chemicals into waters, but routes by which they enter system remain unclear. We addressed this knowledge gap conducting first quantification DTD emissions from 98 treated spot-on ectoparasiticides fipronil or imidacloprid, through bathing, bed washing owners' hands. Both were 100 % washoff samples, bathing accounting largest per event (up to 16.8 applied 24.5 fipronil). Modelled account frequency emitting activities, owner handwashing was identified source population overall, handwash occurring least 28 days following product application estimated 4.9 3.1 dog spot-ons passing down-the-drain via route. normalised daily capita all combined 8.7 μg/person/day 2.1 fipronil, equivalent 20–40 load wastewater, UKWIR CIP3 data. Within current international regulatory framework adhered UK, environmental exposure veterinary medicines intended use small companion animals is assumed be low, pathways not considered. recommend systematic review regulations practices address overlooked pollution pathway.

Язык: Английский

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Insecticides, more than herbicides, land use, and climate, are associated with declines in butterfly species richness and abundance in the American Midwest

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(6), С. e0304319 - e0304319

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024

Mounting evidence shows overall insect abundances are in decline globally. Habitat loss, climate change, and pesticides have all been implicated, but their relative effects never evaluated a comprehensive large-scale study. We harmonized 17 years of land use, climate, multiple classes pesticides, butterfly survey data across 81 counties five states the US Midwest. find community-wide declines total abundance species richness to be most strongly associated with insecticides general, for use neonicotinoid-treated seeds particular. This included migratory monarch ( Danaus plexippus ), whose is focus intensive debate public concern. Insect cannot understood without on putative drivers, 2015 cessation neonicotinoid releases will impede future research.

Язык: Английский

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High prevalence of veterinary drugs in bird's nests

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 178439 - 178439

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

The environmental impact of insecticides used as ectoparasitic treatments for companion animals is not well understood, since they are subject to detailed risk assessment. Many these include active ingredients such fipronil and imidacloprid that banned from agricultural use in the EU. These applied topically can remain on animal's fur an extended period time. Birds (adults, eggs, nestlings) using inner layer their nests have potential being exposed dermally chemicals. In this study, we collected 103 blue great tits, which were lined with fur. Using UHPLC-MS/MS, detected 17 out 20 screened for, number per nest ranging 2 11. Fipronil, imidacloprid, permethrin 100 %, 89.1 % samples, respectively. average concentration fipronil, respectively 115.5 ppb, 376.3 231.1 ppb. Dinotefuran was found at highest 7198 ppb a single sample. Overall, higher either dead offspring or unhatched eggs containing insecticides, total permethrin, suggesting contact exposure lining may lead mortality lower reproductive success. This highlights need re-evaluation risks associated potent persistent animals.

Язык: Английский

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Reducing chemical inputs in agriculture requires a system change

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024

Abstract Many countries have implemented policies to reduce the use of chemical inputs in agriculture. However, these face many obstacles that limit their effectiveness. The purpose this paper is review main challenges associated with reducing agriculture and propose potential solutions. Our analysis, based on a literature linking agronomy economics, shows several agronomic options proven effective or mitigating negative impacts. We argue organization agri-food system itself major barrier implementation. Involving all stakeholders, from input industry consumers, designing appropriate policy frameworks are key address issue. recommend combining different instruments, such as standards, taxes subsidies, simplified coherent way increase effectiveness ensure better coordination adoption sustainable practices.

Язык: Английский

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Landscape perspectives for agroecological weed management. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Abstract Faced with the biodiversity extinction crisis and climate change, alternative approaches to food production are urgently needed. Decades of chemical-based weed control have resulted in a dramatic decline diversity, negative repercussions for agroecosystem biodiversity. The simplification cropping systems evolution herbicide resistance led dominance small number competitive species, calling more sustainable approach that considers not only abundance but also community diversity composition. Agroecological management involves harnessing ecological processes minimize impacts weeds on productivity maximize However, current research effort agroecological is largely rooted agronomy field-scale farming practices. In contrast, contributions landscape-scale interventions unexplored (e.g., promote pollinators natural enemies or carbon sequestration). Here, we review knowledge landscape effects properties (abundance, composition) seed predation (a key factor management). Furthermore, discuss underlying effects, their interaction in-field approaches, implications change management. Notably, found (1) context rarely affects total abundance; (2) configurational than compositional heterogeneity landscapes associated higher alpha, beta, gamma diversity; (3) evidence currently limited; (4) plant spillover from neighboring habitats most common interpretation properties, whereas many other overlooked. Strikingly, drivers biological regulation at scale remain poorly understood. We recommend addressing these issues better integrate into management, which could inform movement towards managing farms wider spatiotemporal scales single fields season.

Язык: Английский

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Wildlife ecotoxicology of plant protection products: knowns and unknowns about the impacts of currently used pesticides on terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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An assessment of the state of conservation planning in Europe

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1902)

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2024

Expanding and managing current habitat species protection measures is at the heart of European biodiversity strategy. A structured approach needed to gain insights into such issues systematic conservation planning, which uses techniques from decision theory identify places actions that contribute most effectively policy objectives given a set constraints. Yet culturally historically determined landscapes make implementation any plans challenging, requiring an analysis synergies trade-offs before implementation. In this work, we review scientific literature for evidence previous planning approaches, highlighting recent advances success stories. We find conceptual characteristics studies likely reduced their potential in contributing better-informed decisions. outline pathways towards improving uptake multi-criteria various scales, particularly need (a) open data intuitive tools, (b) integration biodiversity-focused with multiple objectives, (c) accounting dynamic ecological processes functions, (d) better facilitation entry-points co-design practices scenarios stakeholders. By adopting these practices, might become more actionable adaptable implementable outcomes. This article part theme issue ‘Ecological novelty planetary stewardship: dynamics transforming biosphere’.

Язык: Английский

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Balancing agricultural development and biodiversity conservation with rapid urbanization: Insights from multiscale bird diversity in rural landscapes

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 382, С. 109460 - 109460

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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