Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2024
We
report
on
the
proof-of-concept
of
a
low-mass,
low-power
method
for
collecting
micron-sized
sulfuric
acid
aerosols
in
bulk
from
atmosphere
Venus.
The
collection
uses
four
wired
meshes
sandwich
structure
with
deposition
area
225
cm2.
It
operates
two
modes:
passive
and
electrostatic.
During
operation,
are
gathered
surface
by
aerodynamic
force.
electrostatic
tungsten
needle
discharges
high
voltage
−
10
kV
at
front
grounded
mesh
structure.
discharge
ionizes
attracts
them
to
Coulomb
forces,
resulting
improved
efficiency
tentative
attraction
submicron
aerosols.
describe
instrument
construction
testing
laboratory
under
controlled
conditions
composed
25%,
50%,
70%,
80%,
90%
98%*
concentration
volume
acid,
rest
water.
demonstrated
following:
(i)
both
modes
operation
can
collect
entire
range
solutions;
(ii)
increases
steadily
(from
few
percent
water
over
40%
concentrated
acid)
increased
solution
modes;
(iii)
relative
improvement
mode
decreases
as
increases.
also
field,
cloud
particle
Mt.
Washington,
NH,
crater-rim
fumaroles'
Kīlauea
volcano,
HI.
rate
field
is
wind-speed
dependent,
we
observed
rates
around
0.1
ml
$$\cdot
\hbox
{min}^{-1}$$
low
wind
environments
(1–2
m
{s}^{-1}$$
),
1
stronger
(7–9
).
Astrobiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(4), С. 343 - 370
Опубликована: Март 7, 2024
Long-standing
unexplained
Venus
atmosphere
observations
and
chemical
anomalies
point
to
unknown
chemistry
but
also
leave
room
for
the
possibility
of
life.
The
include
several
gases
out
thermodynamic
equilibrium
(e.g.,
tens
ppm
O2,
possible
presence
PH3
NH3,
SO2
H2O
vertical
abundance
profiles),
an
composition
large,
lower
cloud
particles,
"unknown
absorber(s)."
Here
we
first
review
relevant
properties
venusian
then
describe
atmospheric
how
they
motivate
future
astrobiology
missions
Venus.
ACS Omega,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
10(9), С. 9623 - 9629
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025
We
propose
a
mechanism
for
the
solvolysis
of
peptide
bond
in
98%
(w/w)
concentrated
sulfuric
acid
based
on
assessment
reactivity
four
dipeptides
at
room
temperature:
l-alanyl-l-alanine
(1),
glycylglycine
(2),
glycyl-l-alanine
(3),
and
l-alanylglycine
(4).
find
that
(2)
(4)
are
stable
least
two
months
w/w
acid,
with
no
signs
reactivity.
The
(1)
(3)
unstable
immediately
begin
complex
solvolysis,
which
is
mechanistically
different
from
acid-catalyzed
hydrolysis.
show
leads
to
formation
alaninamide
(6)
glicinamide
(7),
respectively.
proceeds
via
dehydrogenation
side
chain
methyl
group
(−CH3)
C-terminal
alanine.
Consequently,
substitution
−CH3
alanine
−CF3
stabilizes
l-alanyl-DL-trifluoroalanine
dipeptide
(5)
acid.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
120(25)
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2023
What
constitutes
a
habitable
planet
is
frontier
to
be
explored
and
requires
pushing
the
boundaries
of
our
terracentric
viewpoint
for
what
we
deem
environment.
Despite
Venus'
700
K
surface
temperature
being
too
hot
any
plausible
solvent
most
organic
covalent
chemistry,
cloud-filled
atmosphere
layers
at
48
60
km
above
hold
main
requirements
life:
suitable
temperatures
bonds;
an
energy
source
(sunlight);
liquid
solvent.
Yet,
Venus
clouds
are
widely
thought
incapable
supporting
life
because
droplets
composed
concentrated
sulfuric
acid-an
aggressive
that
assumed
rapidly
destroy
biochemicals
on
Earth.
Recent
work,
however,
demonstrates
rich
chemistry
can
evolve
from
simple
precursor
molecules
seeded
into
acid,
result
corroborated
by
domain
knowledge
in
industry
such
leads
complex
molecules,
including
aromatics.
We
aim
expand
set
known
stable
acid.
Here,
show
nucleic
acid
bases
adenine,
cytosine,
guanine,
thymine,
uracil,
as
well
2,6-diaminopurine
"core"
purine
pyrimidine,
cloud
concentration
range,
using
UV
spectroscopy
combinations
1D
2D
Astrobiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(4), С. 386 - 396
Опубликована: Март 18, 2024
Scientists
have
long
speculated
about
the
potential
habitability
of
Venus,
not
at
700K
surface,
but
in
cloud
layers
located
48–60
km
altitudes,
where
temperatures
match
those
found
on
Earth's
surface.
However,
prevailing
belief
has
been
that
Venus'
clouds
cannot
support
life
due
to
chemical
composition
concentrated
sulfuric
acid—a
highly
aggressive
solvent.
In
this
work,
we
study
20
biogenic
amino
acids
range
acid
concentrations
(81%
and
98%
w/w,
rest
water)
temperatures.
We
find
19
tested
are
either
unreactive
(13
w/w
12
81%
w/w)
or
chemically
modified
side
chain
only,
after
4
weeks.
Our
major
finding,
therefore,
is
backbone
remains
intact
acid.
These
findings
significantly
broaden
biologically
relevant
molecules
could
be
components
a
biochemistry
based
Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 206 - 230
Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024
A
review
of
key
publications
from
2023,
describing
methodological
developments
and
research
applications
NMR
proteins
nucleic
acids.
Particularly
novel
approaches
reports
exceptional
interest
are
highlighted.
Recent
renewed
interest
regarding
the
possibility
of
life
in
Venusian
clouds
has
led
to
new
studies
on
organic
chemistry
concentrated
sulfuric
acid.
However,
requires
complex
genetic
polymers
for
biological
function.
Therefore,
finding
suitable
candidates
stable
acid
is
a
necessary
first
step
establish
that
biologically
functional
macromolecules
can
exist
this
environment.
We
explore
peptide
nucleic
(PNA)
as
candidate
genetic-like
polymer
hypothetical
biochemistry.
PNA
hexamers
undergo
between
0.4
and
28.6%
degradation
98%
(w/w)
at
~25°C,
over
span
14
days,
depending
sequence,
but
complete
solvolysis
above
80°C.
Our
work
key
toward
identification
unique
solvent
further
establishes
sustain
diverse
range
might
be
basis
form
different
from
Earth’s.
Venus
has
become
a
target
of
astrobiological
interest
because
it
is
physically
accessible
to
direct
exploration,
unlike
exoplanets.
So
far
this
been
motivated
not
by
the
explicit
expectation
finding
life
but
rather
desire
understand
limits
biology.
The
venusian
surface
sterilizing,
cloud
deck
includes
regions
with
temperatures
and
pressures
conventionally
considered
compatible
life.
However,
clouds
are
thought
consist
concentrated
sulfuric
acid.
To
determine
if
any
fundamental
features
as
we
them
here
on
Earth
could
in
principle
exist
these
extreme
solvent
conditions,
tested
several
simple
lipids
for
resistance
solvolysis
their
ability
form
structures
We
find
that
single-chain
saturated
sulfate,
alcohol,
trimethylamine,
phosphonate
head
groups
resistant
acid
degradation
at
room
temperature.
Furthermore,
they
stable
higher-order
typically
associated
lipid
membranes,
micelles,
vesicles.
Finally,
results
from
molecular
dynamics
simulations
suggest
explanation
observed
robustness
formed
conclude
implications
study
experimental
astrobiology.
Life,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(5), С. 538 - 538
Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2024
We
show
that
the
nucleic
acid
bases
adenine,
cytosine,
guanine,
thymine,
and
uracil,
as
well
2,6-diaminopurine,
“core”
purine
pyrimidine,
are
stable
for
more
than
one
year
in
concentrated
sulfuric
at
room
temperature
concentrations
relevant
Venus
clouds
(81%
w/w
to
98%
acid,
rest
water).
This
work
builds
on
our
initial
stability
studies
is
first
ever
test
reactivity
structural
integrity
of
organic
molecules
subjected
extended
incubation
acid.
The
one-year-long
supports
notion
cloud
environment—composed
acid—may
be
able
support
complex
chemicals
periods
time.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024
Recent
renewed
interest
in
the
possibility
of
life
acidic
clouds
Venus
has
led
to
new
studies
on
organic
chemistry
concentrated
sulfuric
acid.
We
have
previously
found
that
majority
amino
acids
are
stable
range
Venus'
cloud
acid
concentrations
(81%
and
98%
w/w,
rest
being
water).
The
natural
next
question
is
whether
dipeptides,
as
precursors
larger
peptides
proteins,
could
be
this
environment.
investigated
reactivity
peptide
bond
using
20
homodipeptides
find
them
undergo
solvolysis
within
a
few
weeks,
at
both
concentrations.
Notably,
exceptions
exist.
HH
GG
dipeptides
w/w
for
least
4
months,
while
II,
LL,
VV,
PP,
RR
KK
resist
hydrolysis
81%
5
weeks.
Moreover,
breakdown
process
studied
different
from
standard
acid-catalyzed
releases
monomeric
acids.
Despite
single
concentration,
no
demonstrated
stability
across
studied.
This
indicates
any
hypothetical
would
likely
require
functional
substitute
can
maintain
throughout
present.
Life
is
a
complex,
dynamic
chemical
system
that
requires
dense
fluid
solvent
in
which
to
take
place.
A
common
assumption
the
most
likely
for
life
liquid
water,
and
some
researchers
argue
water
only
plausible
solvent.
However,
persistent
theme
astrobiological
research
postulates
other
liquids
might
be
cosmically
could
solvents
chemistry
of
life.
In
this
article,
we
present
new
framework
analysis
candidate
life,
deploy
review
substances
have
been
suggested
as
candidates.
We
categorize
each
through
following
four
criteria:
occurrence,
solvation,
solute
stability,
functionality.
Our
semiquantitative
approach
addresses
all
requirements
not
from
point
view
its
properties
but
also
standpoint
biochemical
function.
Only
protonating
fulfill
those
concentrated
sulfuric
acid
are
abundant
rocky
planetary
context.
Among
nonprotonating
solvents,
CO
