Journal of Hydrology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 132106 - 132106
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 626(7999), С. 555 - 564
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024
Abstract The possibility that the Amazon forest system could soon reach a tipping point, inducing large-scale collapse, has raised global concern 1–3 . For 65 million years, Amazonian forests remained relatively resilient to climatic variability. Now, region is increasingly exposed unprecedented stress from warming temperatures, extreme droughts, deforestation and fires, even in central remote parts of 1 Long existing feedbacks between environmental conditions are being replaced by novel modify ecosystem resilience, increasing risk critical transition. Here we analyse evidence for five major drivers water on forests, as well potential thresholds those that, if crossed, trigger local, regional or biome-wide collapse. By combining spatial information various disturbances, estimate 2050, 10% 47% will be compounding disturbances may unexpected transitions potentially exacerbate climate change. Using examples disturbed across Amazon, identify three most plausible trajectories, involving different conditions. We discuss how inherent complexity adds uncertainty about future dynamics, but also reveals opportunities action. Keeping Anthropocene depend combination local efforts end degradation expand restoration, with stop greenhouse gas emissions.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
173
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(33)
Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2023
Forest-savanna boundaries are ecotones that support complex ecosystem functions and sensitive to biotic/abiotic perturbations. What drives their distribution today how it may shift in the future open questions. Feedbacks among climate, fire, herbivory, land use known drivers. Here, we show alternating seasonal drought waterlogging stress favors dominance of savanna-like ecosystems over forests. We track water-table depth as an indicator water when too deep oxygen shallow map forest/savanna occurrence within this double-stress space neotropics. find under a given annual precipitation, savannas favored landscape positions experiencing double stress, which is more common dry season strengthens (climate driver) but only found waterlogged lowlands (terrain driver). further hydrological changes at end century expose some flooded forests savanna expansion, affecting biodiversity soil carbon storage. Our results highlight importance hydrology understanding/predicting forest-savanna transitions changing world.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
27
Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
Abstract Large old Ginkgo biloba trees (LOGTs), with profound ecological and cultural significance in China, face increasing threats from climate change human activities. We employed the BIOCLIM DOMAIN species distribution models to predict their spatial patterns under present doubled‐CO 2 scenario 2100. collected 604 validated LOGT occurrence records data on 19 bioclimate factors for analysis. Our study yielded a geographic pattern covering wide latitudinal belt extending south subtropical temperate zones central eastern concentrating low elevations coastal regions. The principal component analysis identified dominant bioclimatic shaping distribution, namely annual precipitation winter temperatures. generated predicted suitable habitats that match range well. However, future scenario, indicated habitat retentions mainly core areas losses southern edge of scattered pockets elsewhere. Some retained habitats, including excellent ones, will suffer fragmentation. new may permit some expansion migration but are beset by small patch size large interpatch distance, bringing fragmentation gene flow restrictions. anticipated projected decline highlights considerable poses long‐term survival precious natural‐cum‐cultural resource. Understanding underlying drivers distillation practical conservation measures can foster sustainable management vis‐a‐vis looming global change.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023
Abstract Uncovering the mechanisms that lead to Amazon forest resilience variations is crucial predict impact of future climatic and anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we apply a previously used empirical metrics, lag‐1 month temporal autocorrelation (TAC), vegetation optical depth data in C‐band (a good proxy whole canopy water content) order explore how are impacted by human disturbances environmental drivers Brazilian Amazon. We found significantly increase risk critical transitions, median TAC value ~2.4 times higher human‐disturbed forests than intact forests, suggesting much lower disturbed forests. Additionally, less resilient land surface heat stress atmospheric Among with more closed thicker structure, which linked cover disturbance fraction, comparably resilient. These results further emphasize urgent need limit deforestation degradation through policy intervention maintain rainforests.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
9
Nanomaterials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(15), С. 1253 - 1253
Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024
Climate change is a global problem facing all aspects of the agricultural sector. Heat stress due to increasing atmospheric temperature one most common climate impacts on agriculture. has direct effects crop production, along with indirect through associated problems such as drought, salinity, and pathogenic stresses. Approaches reported be effective mitigate heat include nano-management. Nano-agrochemicals nanofertilizers nanopesticides are emerging approaches that have shown promise against stress, particularly biogenic nano-sources. Nanomaterials favorable for production their low toxicity eco-friendly action. This review focuses different stresses production. Nano-management crops under including application nanopesticides, discussed. The potential limitations these nano-agrochemicals reviewed. Potential nanotoxicity need more investigation at local, national, levels, well additional studies into soil, plant, microbial properties processes.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
ABSTRACT Extreme storms are becoming more intense and frequent under climate change. Although these extreme wet events smaller in extent duration than drought events, recent evidence suggests the global impact of both extremes is similar. However, individual on photosynthesis—and therefore vegetation carbon cycle—remains difficult to predict, as photosynthesis may be suppressed via waterlogging or increased by alleviation moisture stress. Here, we use random forest models calculate daily anomalies attributable soil using data from 54 FLUXNET sites across globe. We hypothesize that photosynthesis' response a given event primarily controlled storm intensity, lesser degree site vegetation, climate, soil, topography. find instead responses better explained characteristics (soil texture, topography, density) such likelihood heavily site‐dependent. induce roughly common those stress overall, rarely declines at not prone waterlogging. Instead, show much weaker relationship with intensity. Increasingly unlikely all locations equally. This highlights potential enhance prediction effects ecosystems land sink.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Journal of Hydrology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 628, С. 130312 - 130312
Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
7
CATENA, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 242, С. 108114 - 108114
Опубликована: Май 22, 2024
An unresolved, key question in plant ecology and biogeography is the relative importance of fire disturbance edaphic factors controlling treeless-forest boundaries. We investigated similarities differences soil physical chemical characteristics Sedgeland, Scrub Eucalyptus Forest sites around a large treeless area (Blakes Opening) situated densely forested Huon Valley southern Tasmania. In each community, risk was also assessed over 12 months using microclimate measures above-ground temperature humidity, water tables were monitored seasonally. Sedgeland soils upper layer organic (18–38 % C) sand rich (c. 75 mineral fraction), differed fundamentally from inorganic 5 C 55 sand). had much lower bulk density significantly concentration capital most nutrients (except C, N S) rootzone. Ordinations both rocks profiles discriminated Forest, with being intermediate. winter, higher than Scrub. However, has drier microclimate, which makes its fine fuels available to burn more frequently for longer period summer compared Forest. This confirmed by radiocarbon dating charcoal, showed that regular feature this environment throughout Holocene. The strong differentiation Sedgeland-Forest boundaries at Blakes Opening calls into prominent theory vegetation patterns region are shaped primarily landscape fires.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2024
Abstract Tropical moist forests are not the homogeneous green carpet often illustrated in maps or considered by global models. They harbour a complex mixture of forest types organized at different spatial scales that can now be more accurately mapped thanks to remote sensing products and artificial intelligence. In this study, we built large‐scale vegetation map North Congo assessed environmental drivers main types, their structure, floristic functional compositions faunistic composition. To build map, used Sentinel‐2 satellite images recent deep learning architectures. We tested effect topographically determined water availability on type distribution linking with drainage depth proxy (HAND, height above nearest index). also described structure composition (floristic, associated fauna) data from large inventories derived images. found is major driver characterized functions, bringing new insights about origins successional dynamics. discuss only crucial role soil–water depth, but importance consistently reproducing such through time develop an accurate monitoring tropical provide peculiar (Marantaceae monodominant Gilbertiodendron forests) which future studies should focus more. Under current context change, expected trigger structural compositional changes tropics, appropriate strategy spatio‐temporal dynamics would considerably help anticipate detrimental shifts.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Ecological Indicators, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 157, С. 111268 - 111268
Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2023
Coexisting vegetation types in tropical landscapes can respond contrasting ways to rainfall, despite being the same climatic envelope. Understanding such heterogeneity vegetation-rainfall interactions is key for predicting how ecosystems might future environmental changes. Here we test whether temporal coupling between greenness and rainfall a good indicator of ecosystem state landscape. For this, study well-preserved landscape Brazilian Cerrado that formed by mosaics ecosystems, including savannas, dry forests gallery forests. First, correlate time-series quantify their each type. We then compare with other variables, as local-scale structural functional traits, well differences conditions which these exist. are set have distinct responsiveness rainfall. Commonly used tree cover height, do not depict marked types, particularly Dry strongest decrease during seasons, reflecting deciduousness on nutrient-richer soils. In contrast, increase season, when direct radiation peaks, likely due perennial access groundwater. Savannas less responsive more stable throughout year. Our findings suggest local abiotic contribute determining both distribution states savanna landscapes. Changes result climate land-use changes will alter future. metric may thus be useful assessing responses precipitation.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4