A global map of species at risk of extinction due to natural hazards

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(26)

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

An often-overlooked question of the biodiversity crisis is how natural hazards contribute to species extinction risk. To address this issue, we explored four hazards, earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, and volcanoes, overlapped with distribution ranges amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles that have either narrow distributions or populations few mature individuals. assess which are at risk from these combined frequency magnitude each hazard estimate their impact. We considered if they regions where any historically occurred (n = 3,722). Those least a quarter range subjected high relative impact were 2,001) due hazards. In total, 834 reptiles, 617 302 248 mammals mainly distributed on islands in tropics. Hurricanes 983) earthquakes 868) affected most species, while tsunamis 272), volcanoes 171) considerably fewer. The region highest number was Pacific Ring Fire, especially hurricane-related high-risk concentrated Caribbean Sea, Gulf Mexico, northwestern Ocean. Our study provides important information regarding can help guide conservation attention efforts safeguard survival.

Язык: Английский

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Weaker Plant‐Frugivore Trait Matching Towards the Tropics and on Islands

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 28(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Biotic interactions play an important role in species diversification and maintenance and, thus, are regarded as the architecture of biodiversity. Since Darwin Wallace, biologists have debated whether biotic stronger towards tropics on continents, when compared to temperate regions islands. Here, based 354 avian frugivory networks accounting for 22,199 between 1247 bird 2126 plant species, we quantified trait matching strength, which reflects interaction strength specificity, across gradients latitude insularity globally. We found that beak size fruit was significantly poles with As underlining ecological factors, a larger proportion (measured mean fruits diets) network‐level size, smaller fleshy‐fruited botanical country where network located). These findings suggest latitudinal insular patterns driven by factors may relate co‐evolution interacting optimal foraging species.

Язык: Английский

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Hurricanes threaten species and alter evolutionary trajectories on tropical islands

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(22), С. R1115 - R1120

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Hurricane‐induced pollinator shifts in a tightly coadapted plant–hummingbird mutualism

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 244(1), С. 16 - 20

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

The majority of flowering plants are pollinated by animals, especially in warm and wet tropical regions where > 90% all plant species rely on animal pollination (Rech et al., 2016). As a rule, oceanic islands, pollinators their thought to be predominantly generalized, likely because depauperate pollinator faunas reduced interspecific competition, resulting ecological release generalized feeding niches (Olesen 2002; Castro-Urgal & Traveset, 2014; Traveset 2016; Dalsgaard 2021). Colonization history may also matter for level generalization, as mainland generalists should more easily colonize establish islands than specialists Finally, combined with characteristics that is, small isolated populations at high risk extinction, specialized mutualists particularly rare vulnerable due natural perturbations, such hurricanes (Waser 1996; Clavel 2011; Leimberger 2022; Gonçalves 2024). such, it appear unexpected the mutualistic associations between two Heliconia hummingbird pollinator, purple-throated carib (Eulampis jugularis), have been reported highly tightly coadapted Lesser Antillean frequently struck (Temeles 2000; Temeles Kress, 2003). bihai H. caribaea flowers shown reflect size curvature bill sexually dimorphic E. jugularis occurring across Females long, curved bills primary bihai, while is both females shorter, straighter-billed males At many locations island Dominica, has colour morphs: red morph significantly longer visited jugularis, yellow less preferred most Caribbean Dominica periodically experiences Bishop, 2019; Fairbairn 2022). Between 1851 2017, experienced 33 hurricanes, them weaker ones probably little impact biodiversity. However, was hit category four three five (Knapp 2010), which had devastating impacts biodiversity (Gonçalves Notably, Hurricane Maria, catastrophic hurricane island-wide effects bird populations, hummingbirds including After passed over dead dying were observed ground. Hundreds open fruits, only c. 25% population survived Hummingbirds passerine birds habit narrow metabolic rates make lack floral resources immediate aftermath (Wiley Wunderle, 1993). not influence but disrupt systems (Rathcke, Rivera-Marchand Ackerman, 2006; 2019), we wanted examine consequence Maria system caribaea. To do so, 2022, implemented multi-facetted approach integrating information on: (1) visitation caribaea; (2) pollen depositions stigmas (3) transport mist-netted from one locality (see Materials Methods section). We found avian fundamentally different studies conducted decades before 2003; 2009). other bananaquit (Coereba flaveola), similar frequencies (Fig. 1). same pattern caribaea, having even higher carib; Dominica. With respect deposition, visiting nectar-feeding deposited (Supporting Information Table S1), no overall association rate deposition 2a). Given rate, deposit birds, possibly better morphological match flowers. Out 210 belonging 15 species, 52 individuals (25%) (33%) carried (Table S2). presented highest number carrying (46 out 102; 45%), followed (three 6; 50%), Riccordia bicolor (1 individual 2; Orthorhyncus cristatus (one 7; 14%), omnivorous Loxigilla noctis 28; 3.5%), creating network dominated or equally R. C. flaveola 2b). Taken together, these results sharp contrast previous reports sole suggest hurricane-induced crash led breakdown competitive exclusion Pyle, 2024), allowing smaller and, notably, opportunistic bananaquit, visit nectar-rich plants. In further support this, mist-netting data shows increased body weight after suggesting resource availability (Fairbairn 2022), being caribs. This provides empirical evidence tight coevolution disrupted disturbances Spiller Schoener, 2007; could lead new evolutionary trajectories pollinators, suggests can provide resilience sustaining sexual reproduction hurricanes. These systems, Antilles, dead-ends, consistent phylogenetic evolution (Tripp Manos, 2008; Rombaut Contrarily, develop fast if influenced high-impact disturbance. Previous 2003) major hurricane, David, 1979 hurricane. indicates entails an innate 'recovery period', somewhere 6 20 yr, relationship Heliconias restored Hurricanes thus seen pulses disturbance, much like fires fire-prone environments (Geerts 2012). predicted increase frequency intensity global warming (Wehner Kossin, whether mutualisms will recover future powerful, frequent legitimate conservation concern, islands. Fieldwork southern part (15°25′N, 61°20′W) during Heliconia's peak April 17 July 2022. On occur allopatrically along altitudinal gradient, predominately lower elevations (c. 100–600 m) occupying 600–900 m). Therefore, sampled bird–flower interactions elevations: mid- 530 high-elevation 800 covering distribution species. bihai-prone area located Morne Trois Pitons National Park consisted mountainous elfin forests defined strong winds heavy precipitation. mid-elevations caribaea-prone close Middleham Falls village Laudat, characterized comparably rainfall situated valley, shelter wind, rainforest habitat. location our study sites, green-throated holosericeus) primarily mid-elevation site, cristatus, bicolor) sites. quantify stigmas, 60 mature chosen collection, consisting elevation 40 mid-elevation. samples divided morphs, morphs site. Each marked flagging tape ID ensure easy identification. day observation, flower bud bagged exclude visitors. mesh bag removed carefully emasculated using tweezers. Subsequently, hand-lens, stigma inspected excess found, delicately piece tape. For each individual, either visually observed, 06:00 h 14:00 h, distance 7 m, time-lapse cameras zoom lenses 3 m. observation periods lasted 4 h. Avian calculated visits per h−1 (VR). period, flowers, placed microscope slide, preserved fuchsine gel (Kearns Inouye, laboratory, counted conspecific heterospecific grains light-contrast magnification ×100 ×400. counts used calculate multiple-visits (PD). species/morphs, averaged amount without registered controls. Differences mean control negative differences denoting zero deposition. evaluated bihai-dominated area. captured six consecutive days sites 10 mist nets (2.6 × 12 daily. Mist opened under favourable weather conditions 5 sunrise, totalizing 3600 m2-h capture effort (net multiplied netting time) regularly birds. Birds individually load swabbing cube glycerine jelly, stained fuchsine, beak, throat, forehead feathers. gelatine then melted weak heat source produce single layer grains. Preparations sealed coverslip clear nail polish, labelled, stored. Pollen later identified means reference collection microscope. Whereas difficult distinguish microscope, relatively types pollen. caught only, detect although cannot rule they might picked up elevations. Irrespectively pollen, document ability picking (VR) analysis, Mann–Whitney U test utilized compare (E. holosericeus, O. group. Kruskal–Wallis Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc examined VR among bicolor, flaveola, L. noctis). (PD) linear mixed-effects model correlated general rates, examining showed positive effect All separated into presence/absence variables, set fixed factors. random factor model, PD function accounting Heliconias. observations ANOVA significance. statistical analyses R, v.4.2.3 (R Core Team, 2023). TSOS, FG, MGRV, BIS, CNK-B, BD thank Independent Research Fund Denmark (grant no. 0135-00333B). FG supported SNSF Swiss Postdoctoral Fellowships (TMPFP2_217531). MGRV Marie Curie Fellowship (Horizon-TMA-MSCA-101149502). forestry department permitting us conduct research great cooperation. MG CEPID FAPESP Center Biodiversity Climate Change (2021/1063-95) CNPq (306928/20213). None declared. EJT directly involved conceptualization designed project. RDJ SK collected data. contributed analysis. authors (TSOS, TZ, RDJ, FLT-T, MG, BD) writing, providing essential feedback writing manuscript. supports findings this available Supporting article. Tables S1 S2 recorded respectively. Please note: Wiley responsible content functionality any supplied authors. Any queries (other missing material) directed New Phytologist Central Office. publisher supporting content) corresponding author

Язык: Английский

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Habitat use and diel activity of insectivorous bats across land-use types on an Afrotropical oceanic island

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

Abstract Tropical island biodiversity is declining at alarming rates. Yet, understanding how species are coping with such disturbance largely limited for afro-tropical islands. Here we examined habitat use and diel activity of insectivorous bats across different land-use types covering the endemic-rich Príncipe Island, Central West Africa. We acoustically surveyed 48 sites throughout old-growth forests, secondary re-growth cocoa shaded plantations, horticultures. Based on 17,527 bat-passes, were able to record all four bat known occur Príncipe, including recently described Pseudoromicia principis , most frequently recorded species. Taphozous mauritianus a data deficient open-space forager, was least Species lowest in as well edge-forager P. . The forager Mops pumilus forest habitats, whereas Hipposideros ruber restricted these habitats. Diel patterns M. varied between forests non-forest those remained similar. Interspecific overlap decreased towards more altered types. Our findings emphasize that conserving remaining along current mosaic land-uses, needed maintain Príncipe’s complete assemblages.

Язык: Английский

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Ecosystem services modelling to analyse the isolation of protected areas from a social-ecological perspective

Journal of Environmental Management, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 386, С. 125459 - 125459

Опубликована: Май 10, 2025

Biodiversity loss continues to increase globally despite conservation strategies such as the designation of protected areas and implementation environmental management practices. Land use changes often exacerbate spatial isolation areas, undermining their biodiversity goals provision ecosystem services. To address this issue, present study investigates how a social-ecological approach, incorporating services modelling, can enhance habitat connectivity, using Egmont National Park in Aotearoa New Zealand case study. The analysis focuses on five including carbon sequestration, quality, timber production, pasture outdoor recreation. Findings highlight significant synergies trade-offs, particularly between regulating within park provisioning surrounding grasslands, revealing critical conflicts. In particular, contrast indigenous forest park, which supports high quality storage, are highly productive for pasture, underscores challenges balancing with agricultural activities. This develops units inform integrated strategies, aiming reduce isolation, improve align human well-being. These findings provide actionable insights shifting trade-offs supporting sustainable

Язык: Английский

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State of the Environmental Challenges on Changing Climate in Southern Africa

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

The world faces serious environmental issues like climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss, and landscape changes, which affect all countries. These challenges are particularly severe in Southern African Development Community (SADC) This study highlights major problems the region, including land degradation, deforestation, lack of clean water sanitation, poor urban conditions, threaten Sustainable Goals (SDGs). Despite progress management, more action is needed. SADC governments, NGOs, private sector, other stakeholders must work together to address root causes these problems. Strengthening coordination implementing key interventions across different sectors crucial. Beyond concerns, geopolitical economic challenges, weak international trade, political instability, poverty, declining performance, debt. findings suggest that policymakers should develop enforce policies promote change adaptation from a broad, interdisciplinary, cross-border perspective.

Язык: Английский

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