The integral role of de novo lipogenesis in the preparation for seasonal dormancy

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(29)

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

Animals can alter their body compositions in anticipation of dormancy to endure seasons with limited food availability. Accumulation lipid reserves, mostly the form triglycerides (TAGs), is observed during preparation for diverse animals, including insects (diapause) and mammals (hibernation). However, mechanisms involved regulation accumulation ecological consequences failure accumulate adequate stores animal remain understudied. In broadest sense, reserves be accumulated two ways: either receives lipids directly from environment or converts sugars amino acids present fatty through de novo lipogenesis then TAGs. Here, we show that diapause Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata ) involves orchestrated upregulation genes metabolism a transcript peak 8- 10-d-old diapause-destined insects. Regulation at abundance level was associated substantial fat stores. Furthermore, knockdown enzymes ACCase FAS-1 prolonged preparatory phase, while acid transportation shortened phase. Our findings suggest model which dynamically decide when transition phase into diapause, depending on progress lipogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Insights Into Insect Physiology and Biochemistry

Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 118(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Insect physiology and biochemistry are foundational to understanding the intricate biological processes that govern one of Earth's most diverse ecologically important groups organisms, "the insects." Many insects act as plant pests, causing significant damage crops forests, which has profound economic ecological implications. On other hand, play critical roles in ecosystems pollinators, decomposers, prey serve vectors diseases impact human health agriculture. Exploring their physiological mechanisms—from respiration digestion sensory perception reproduction— provides valuable insights into adaptability survival strategies. Moreover, insect offers a window unique metabolic pathways, enzyme functions, molecular interactions often differ significantly from those vertebrates. This knowledge not only enhances our biodiversity evolution but also informs development innovative approaches pest management, biotechnology, even biomedical research. By delving complex interplay insects, we can uncover strategies address global challenges while appreciating marvels these remarkable organisms. The idea for this special issue (SI) was developed at "Second International Molecular Plant Protection Congress (IMPPC2023- https://www.imppc2023.org/)" organized Bursa, Türkiye, on May 15-18, 2023, with theme "Innovations Protection." IMPPC2023 hosted 782 participants 24 countries, 79 keynote speakers delivered invited talks. 41 local agriculture biotechnology companies presented products exhibition hall. congress great success, encouraged us compile SI "Recent Insights Physiology Biochemistry." current includes 11 research articles. Both several experts were contribute issue. focused recent fundamental & biochemical systems' structure operation. Toxicological studies, well studies microbial control pathology, welcomed. As alternatives chemical insecticides management been an attractive topic, such novel insecticidal molecules systems included. Host (insect)-pathogen vital area they reveal how pathogens infect hosts defend themselves. These might help improve efficacy entomopathogenic agents (Toprak, Bayram, Gürkan 2006; Güney et al. 2024) or overcome resistance by pests (Güney 2021a). Abdisa, Park, (2025) reported virulence enhancement fungus Beauveria bassiana against seedcorn maggot (Delia platura). While B. showed some effectiveness, its limited maggot's robust immune defenses, including cellular humoral responses. To counter this, bacterial culture broth Photorhabdus temperata (Ptt) applied, boosting fungal lethality suppressing defenses. combination reduced nodule formation antimicrobial peptide production maggots, achieving higher mortality rates laboratory greenhouse trials (Abdisa, 2025). findings suggest immunosuppression via Ptt methods D. platura, offering sustainable alternative pesticides. Esmaeily, nematode, Oscheius tipulae, agent. Morphological analyses identified demonstrated high lepidopteran, coleopteran, dipteran species, particularly platura. Comparative metagenomics revealed gut-associated bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila Klebsiella pneumoniae, enhanced nematode host immunity eicosanoid pathway inhibition. Laboratory field efficacy, suggesting O. tipulae promising management. Mehrvar investigated Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus when combined carbon quantum dot nanoparticles cotton leafworm, littoralis. A nano-enhanced suspoemulsion formulation improved killing times under conditions eggplant pepper plants. suppressed larvae's key midgut immune-related gene expressions, disrupting protective peritrophic matrix enhancing viral (Mehrvar Under topic host-pathogen interaction, Caramella role RNASET2, conserved ribonuclease, response black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens larvae, widely used waste reduction biomolecule production. highlighted RNASET2 expression hemocytes increased following infection, involvement defense. localized lysosomes associated indicating dual functions RNA-degrading molecule system activator, promoting phagocytosis. study potential within showing Gram-positive Gram-negative bacteria vitro. suggested applications RNASET2-derived feed Future should explore mechanisms underlying synergistic effects agents, entomopathogens immunosuppressive compounds. Investigating approaches' scalability applicability will be crucial optimizing Additionally, advancing nanoformulations identifying immune-modulating open new avenues effective solutions. Like all animals, is organ none survive without feeding digestion. principal site secretion digestive enzymes, food, absorption nutrients. Jiménez plasma membrane proteomes epithelial cells two major hemipteran virus vectors, sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci, green peach aphid Myzus persicae. Using brush border vesicles advanced mass spectrometry, researchers quantified 1699 1175 proteins tabaci M. persicae, respectively. Among these, 151 115 persicae gut membrane. Key differences protein composition abundance between species observed, many implicated processes, binding, cell adhesion. proteins, candidate receptors, transmission. provided inform managing disease spread Mori examined swede midge Contarinia nasturtii (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae), disrupts brassica crops. genomics-guided approach, authors compared transcriptomes salivary glands midguts third-instar larvae. They enzymes enabling breakdown sucrose, lipids, glucosinolates, highlighting midge's ability exploit phloem mitigate uncovered evidence horizontal transfer capabilities biology gall midges, features like specialized matrices (Toprak 2010, 2013, 2014b). reproductive essential life. Dohanik vitellogenin receptor (VgR) hypopharyngeal worker honey bees, Apis mellifera. VgR highly expressed nurse bees well-developed queenright colonies, lower observed newly emerged forager bees. facilitated uptake (Vg) clathrin-mediated endocytosis, supporting glandular task differentiation colony. multifunctionality beyond reproduction, contributing behavioral regulation Ovary Ground Plan Hypothesis, links social traits delve deeper functional focusing viruses develop targeted adaptations evolutionary implications overcoming In further investigations could provide genetic behavior colony organization, bee conservation. Resistance problem Therefore, studying detoxification resistance, neurotransmitter release activation/inactivation various genes central nervous Doğan, Hegedus 2021). Soumalia Issa evaluated five cytochrome P450 transcripts susceptibility yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti three pyrethroid insecticides: permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin. RNA interference (RNAi) larvae chitosan/dsRNA injecting dsRNA adults, transcript suppression, leading insecticide susceptibility. CYP9J32 linked permethrin CYP6AA5 played cypermethrin both adults. Homology modeling ligand docking confirmed metabolize deltamethrin through aliphatic hydroxylation. stage-specific gene-specific mechanisms, vector control. Deeksha have red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum populations resistant phosphine fumigation, method. upregulation encoding mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase c oxidase, populations. energy oxidative stress phosphine-induced stress. Kinetic activity altered substrate affinity, correlating strongly enzymatic activity. Overall, reprogramming developing broader across different life stages identify universal targets Advancing RNAi delivery methods, nanoparticle-based systems, practicality effectiveness gene-suppression settings. T. castaneum, focus uncovering vulnerabilities pathways fumigants. Development toxicity continuous quote stored product fewer (Ertürk 2020; Mortazavi 2020). context, Atay borates, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (Etidot-67) calcium metaborate castaneum. compounds possessed body weight triglyceride levels downregulation fatty acid synthase acetyl CoA-carboxylase. inhibitory effect borates lipogenesis core lipid before. investigate interaction homeostasis synergies toxicity, involved metabolism 2014a; Doğan 2021; 2021b; Cedden, Güney, Toprak 2024). words, integrating calcium-mediated signaling borate-induced disruption holistic mode action, paving way low-toxicity molecules. co-evolved defenses (Erlandson 2010). Adamski glycoalkaloids α-solanine α-tomatine retrocerebral complexes beetle mealworm Tenebrio molitor, giant Zophobas atratus. stronger lethal molitor induces structural changes complex, corpora allata. Meanwhile, Z. atratus exhibited more pronounced morphological alterations potentially impairing reproduction development. biopesticides, species-specific populations, action endocrine systems. conclusion, explored dynamic multifaceted biochemistry, showcasing cutting-edge agriculture, beyond. From characterization highlights importance questions biochemistry. underscore approaches, technology, nanoformulations, integration Furthermore, gained homeostasis, metabolism, glycoalkaloid directions designing biopesticides existing methods. Looking ahead, interdisciplinary collaborations combining genomics, proteomics, biology, imaging techniques advance background efforts inspire solutions adverse benefits roles. Umut Toprak: conceptualization, project administration, writing – original draft, review editing. author declares no conflicts interest.

Язык: Английский

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The Influence of Physical Exercise, Ketogenic Diet, and Time-Restricted Eating on De Novo Lipogenesis: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(4), С. 663 - 663

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a metabolic pathway that converts carbohydrates into fatty acids, primarily occurring in the liver and, to lesser extent, adipose tissue. While hepatic DNL highly responsive dietary carbohydrate intake and regulated by insulin via transcription factors like SREBP-1c, more modest less sensitive overfeeding. Dysregulated contributes disorders, including dysfunction-associated steatotic disease (MASLD). Lifestyle interventions, such as physical exercise, ketogenic diets, time-restricted eating (TRE) offer promising strategies regulate improve health. Physical exercise enhances glucose uptake muscles, reduces levels, promotes lipid oxidation, thereby suppressing DNL. Endurance resistance training also mitochondrial function, further mitigating triglyceride accumulation. Ketogenic diets shift energy metabolism toward acid oxidation ketogenesis, lower insulin, directly downregulate lipogenic enzyme activity liver. TRE aligns feeding with circadian rhythms optimizing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation during fasting periods, which suppresses metabolism. The combined effects of these interventions demonstrate significant potential for improving profiles, reducing triglycerides, preventing lipotoxicity. By addressing distinct roles DNL, target systemic localized dysregulation. Although research needed fully understand their long-term impact, findings highlight transformative integrating approaches clinical practice manage disorders associated complications.

Язык: Английский

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Lipid Metabolism in Diapause

Advances in experimental medicine and biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The PBAP chromatin remodeling complex mediates summer diapause via H3K4me3-driven juvenile hormone regulation in Colaphellus bowringi

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 122(12)

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Diapause, a developmental arrest mechanism, helps animals to survive seasonal changes via endocrine regulation. While obligate diapause is genetically programmed, facultative typically triggered by environmental cues such as photoperiod. In insects, this often leads reproductive characterized reduced juvenile hormone (JH) signaling, resulting in ovarian and lipid accumulation. However, the molecular link between photoperiod hormonal control remains poorly understood. study, we investigated cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi our model system. This species exhibits photoperiodic response, where short-day (SD) conditions promote reproduction, whereas long-day (LD) induce diapause. Our research identified PBAP chromatin remodeling complex key regulator of LD-induced summer entry. Through RNAi screening 56 transcriptional regulators that were differentially expressed SD LD females, BAP170, PBAP-specific component, mediator Knockdown bap170 females induced traits, which reversed treatment with methoprene, JH analog, suggesting regulates influencing production. We further demonstrated modulates biosynthesis SET1/COMPASS-mediated trimethylation H3K4. Transcriptome analysis second screen calmodulin , calcium-binding messenger protein gene, direct target PBAP-SET1/COMPASS-H3K4me3 signaling corpora allata (CA), primary source JH. These findings reveal how machinery translates signals into responses governing adaptation.

Язык: Английский

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The role of insulin receptor InR in photoperiod-regulated reproductive diapause of Chrysoperla nipponensis

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 104305 - 104305

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Reciprocal roles of two trehalose transporters in aestivating cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala)

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 104308 - 104308

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

The cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala, CSFB) is a significant pest of winter oilseed rape crops in northern Europe. CSFB adults aestivate during the summer to protect themselves from heat and desiccation stress. Trehalose, primary hemolymph sugar, has been linked energy homeostasis stress resilience, but its regulation function aestivation remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated roles two trehalose transporters, Tret-1 Tret-2, modulating dynamics across different adult stages CSFB. Through spatiotemporal transcript profiling, found that was predominantly expressed fat body, where it facilitates export hemolymph, whereas Tret-2 expression higher Malpighian tubules, mediating uptake hemolymph. RNA interference experiments revealed involved transporting body into while works reciprocally transport tubules. disruption transportation resulted excess glucose, glycogen, triglyceride levels, mainly pre-aestivation beetles. Furthermore, knockdown either transporter caused compensatory increase feeding activity beetles, compromised resilience Our findings uncover reciprocal functions regulating distribution maintaining metabolic stability aestivation, offering insights physiological strategies underpinning insect survival aestivation.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative transcriptome analysis provides a glance into the regulation of the Krüppel homolog 1 on the reproduction and diapause of the predatory ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata

BMC Genomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Physiological and transcriptional changes associated with obligate aestivation in the cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala)

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 173, С. 104165 - 104165

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024

Aestivation is a form of seasonal dormancy observed in various insect species, usually coinciding with the summer season. The cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), key pest oilseed rape that obligatorily aestivates as adult late summer. Since physiological and transcriptional processes linked to aestivation P. are still little understood, we analyzed relevant parameters performed RNA-seq analyses on laboratory-reared beetles their pre-aestivation, aestivation, post-aestivation stages. We found reached at 15 days post-eclosion, showing strongly reduced metabolic activity, less than 50% CO

Язык: Английский

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Juvenile hormone inhibits lipogenesis of Spodoptera exigua to response to Bacillus thuringiensis GS57 infection

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 205, С. 106110 - 106110

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

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