Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 378(6617), С. 246 - 248
Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2022
"Competent outsiders" must be able to evaluate the credibility of science-based arguments.
Язык: Английский
Nature Reviews Psychology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 1(1), С. 13 - 29
Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
787
Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(3), С. 460 - 467
Опубликована: Март 1, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
361
Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10, С. 178 - 206
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
Abstract Fact-checking has become increasingly important due to the speed with which both information and misinformation can spread in modern media ecosystem. Therefore, researchers have been exploring how fact-checking be automated, using techniques based on natural language processing, machine learning, knowledge representation, databases automatically predict veracity of claims. In this paper, we survey automated stemming from discuss its connections related tasks disciplines. process, present an overview existing datasets models, aiming unify various definitions given identify common concepts. Finally, highlight challenges for future research.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
199
Big Data & Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021
Misinformation about the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a pressing societal challenge. Across two studies, one preregistered ( n 1 = 1771 and 2 1777), we assess efficacy of ‘prebunking’ interventions aimed at improving people’s ability to spot manipulation techniques commonly used in COVID-19 misinformation across three different languages (English, French German). We find that Go Viral!, five-minute browser game, (a) increases perceived manipulativeness COVID-19, (b) improves attitudinal certainty (confidence) their (c) reduces self-reported willingness share with others. The first effects remain significant for least week after gameplay. also reading real-world infographics from UNESCO confidence spotting (albeit descriptively smaller effect sizes than game). Limitations implications fake news are discussed.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
188
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 700(1), С. 136 - 151
Опубликована: Март 1, 2022
Much like a viral contagion, misinformation can spread rapidly from one individual to another. Inoculation theory offers logical basis for developing psychological “vaccine” against misinformation. We discuss the origins of inoculation theory, starting with its roots in 1960s as “vaccine brainwash,” and detail major theoretical practical innovations that research has witnessed over years. Specifically, we review series randomized lab field studies show it is possible preemptively “immunize” people by preexposing them severely weakened doses techniques underlie production along ways on how spot refute them. evidence interventions developed governments social media companies help citizens around world recognize resist unwanted attempts influence mislead. conclude discussion important open questions about effectiveness interventions.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
133
Social and Personality Psychology Compass, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15(6)
Опубликована: Май 5, 2021
Abstract Although there has been unprecedented attention to inoculation theory in recent years, the potential of this research yet be reached. Inoculation explains how immunity counter‐attitudinal messages is conferred by preemptively exposing people weakened doses challenging information. The applied a number contexts (e.g., politics, health) its 50+ year history. Importantly, one newest for work area contested science, misinformation, and conspiracy theories. Recent revealed that when desirable position on scientific issue climate change) exists, conventional preemptive (prophylactic) can help protect it from even have undesirable positions, “therapeutic” positive effects. We call further explain predict efficacy new context inform better public understandings issues such as change, genetically modified organisms, vaccine hesitancy, other science beliefs theories about COVID‐19.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
124
JMIR Infodemiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1(1), С. e30979 - e30979
Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2021
An infodemic is an overflow of information varying quality that surges across digital and physical environments during acute public health event. It leads to confusion, risk-taking, behaviors can harm lead erosion trust in authorities responses. Owing the global scale high stakes emergency, responding related pandemic particularly urgent. Building on diverse research disciplines expanding discipline infodemiology, more evidence-based interventions are needed design management tools implement them by emergency responders.The World Health Organization organized first infodemiology conference, entirely online, June July 2020, with a follow-up process from August October review current multidisciplinary evidence, interventions, practices be applied COVID-19 response. This resulted creation agenda for managing infodemics.As part structured expert judgment synthesis method was used formulate agenda. A total 110 participants represented scientific over 35 countries implementing partners. The conference laddered discussion sprint methodology rotating participant teams, managed assemble based feedback. five-workstream frame 166 suggested questions. then ranked questions feasibility expected impact. consensus summarized included list priority questions.The has five workstreams: (1) measuring continuously monitoring impact infodemics emergencies; (2) detecting signals understanding spread risk infodemics; (3) deploying mitigate protect against their harmful effects; (4) evaluating strengthening resilience individuals communities (5) promoting development, adaptation, application toolkits management. Each workstream identifies highlights 49 questions.Public need develop, validate, implement, adapt events ways appropriate contexts. Infodemiology provides foundation make this possible. proposes framework targeted investment community, policy makers, organizations, other stakeholders consider.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
121
PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(2), С. e0262823 - e0262823
Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2022
Researchers, policy makers and science communicators have become increasingly been interested in factors that affect public’s trust science. Recently, one such potentially important driving factor has emerged, the COVID-19 pandemic. Have other science-related beliefs changed Germany from before to during pandemic? To investigate this, we re-analyzed data a set of representative surveys conducted April, May, November 2020, which were obtained as part German survey Science Barometer , compared it last annual took place pandemic, (in September 2019). Results indicate German’s increased substantially after pandemic began slightly declined months thereafter, still being higher 2020 than 2019. Moreover, was closely related expectations about how politics should handle We also find increases most pronounced among higher-educated. But unfolded, decreases more likely supporters populist right-wing party AfD. discuss sustainability these dynamics well implications for communication.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
112
Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 32(7), С. 1169 - 1178
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2021
As part of the Systematizing Confidence in Open Research and Evidence (SCORE) program, present study consisted a two-stage replication test central finding by Pennycook et al. (2020), namely that asking people to think about accuracy single headline improves “truth discernment” intentions share news headlines COVID-19. The first stage ( n = 701) was unsuccessful p .67). After collecting second round data (additional 882, pooled N 1,583), we found small but significant interaction between treatment condition truth discernment (uncorrected .017; treatment: d 0.14, control: 0.10). target study, perceived correlated with impact, so treatment-group participants were less willing as accurate. We discuss potential explanations for these findings an unreported change hypothesis (but not analysis plan) from preregistration original study.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
106
Social Science & Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 314, С. 115398 - 115398
Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
100