Innate immune sensors and regulators at the blood brain barrier: focus on toll-like receptors and inflammasomes as mediators of neuro-immune crosstalk and inflammation
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2025
Cerebral
endothelial
cells
(CEC)
that
form
the
brain
capillaries
are
principal
constituents
of
blood
barrier
(BBB),
main
active
interface
between
and
which
plays
a
protective
role
by
restricting
infiltration
pathogens,
harmful
substances
immune
into
while
allowing
entry
essential
nutrients.
Aberrant
CEC
function
often
leads
to
increased
permeability
BBB
altering
bidirectional
communication
bloodstream
facilitating
extravasation
brain.
In
addition
their
as
gatekeepers
BBB,
exhibit
cell
properties
they
can
receive
transmit
signals
partly
via
release
inflammatory
effectors
in
pathological
conditions.
express
innate
receptors,
including
toll
like
receptors
(TLRs)
inflammasomes
first
sensors
exogenous
or
endogenous
dangers
initiators
responses
drive
neural
dysfunction
degeneration.
Accumulating
evidence
indicates
activation
TLRs
compromises
integrity,
promotes
aberrant
neuroimmune
interactions
modulates
both
systemic
neuroinflammation,
common
features
neurodegenerative
psychiatric
diseases
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
infections
injuries.
The
goal
present
review
is
provide
an
overview
pivotal
roles
played
discuss
molecular
cellular
mechanisms
contribute
disruption
neuroinflammation
especially
context
traumatic
ischemic
injuries
infections.
We
will
focus
on
most
recent
advances
literature
reports
field
highlight
knowledge
gaps.
future
research
directions
advance
our
understanding
contribution
potential
at
promising
therapeutic
targets
wide
variety
conditions
Язык: Английский
Long COVID Pain: New Challenges
Topics in Pain Management,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
40(10), С. 1 - 5
Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2025
Язык: Английский
Melatonin from Plants: Going Beyond Traditional Central Nervous System Targeting—A Comprehensive Review of Its Unusual Health Benefits
Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2), С. 143 - 143
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025
Melatonin
is
indispensable
for
the
homeostasis
of
plants
and
animals.
In
humans,
it
can
help
prevent
or
be
an
adjuvant
treatment
several
diseases
mainly
related
to
immune
system,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress.
Moreover,
a
melatonin-rich
diet
linked
health
benefits,
such
as
regulation
circadian
rhythm,
immunological
epilepsy
control,
delaying
aging
process,
diminishing
hormones
cancer.
This
review
aimed
show
effects
melatonin
in
beyond
its
traditional
use.
The
results
showed
present
scavenging
free
radicals,
reducing
inflammatory
cytokines,
modulating
system.
improve
insulin
resistance,
blood
pressure,
LDL-c,
adipose
tissue
mass,
adhesion
molecules,
endothelial
impairment,
plaque
formation.
These
result
neuro-
cardioprotection,
improvement
liver
diseases,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
dermatitis,
COVID-19,
polycystic
ovaries,
sepsis.
We
conclude
that
plant
benefit
patients
with
many
besides
sleep
problems
neurodegeneration.
Plant
may
more
cost-effective
fewer
adverse
events
than
synthetic.
However,
clinical
trials
should
performed
adequate
doses,
formulation,
time.
Язык: Английский