Cellular and molecular organization of the Drosophila foregut

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(11)

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

The animal foregut is the first tissue to encounter ingested food, bacteria, and viruses. We characterized adult Drosophila using transcriptomics better understand how it triages consumed items for digestion or immune response manages resources. Cell types were assigned validated GFP-tagged Gal4 reporter lines. Foregut-associated neuroendocrine cells play a major integrative role by coordinating gut activity with nutrition, microbiome, circadian cycles; some express clock genes. Multiple epithelial cell comprise proventriculus, central organ that secretes peritrophic matrix (PM) lining gut. Analyzing synthesizing individual PM layers revealed abundant mucin production close enterocytes, similar mammalian intestinal mucosa. esophagus salivary gland secreted proteins likely line esophageal surface, of which may generate commensal niche housing specific microbiome species. Overall, our results imply coordinates dietary sensing, hormonal regulation, immunity in manner has been conserved during evolution.

Язык: Английский

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The circadian clock gene period regulates the composition and daily bacterial load of the gut microbiome in Drosophila melanogaster

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

While Drosophila melanogaster serves as a crucial model for investigating both the circadian clock and gut microbiome, our understanding of their relationship in this organism is still limited. Recent analyses suggested that microbiome modulates host transcriptome to minimize rapid oscillations response changing environments. Here, we examined composition abundance microbiota wild-type arrhythmic per01 flies, under 12 h:12 h light: dark (12:12 LD) constant darkness (DD) conditions. The flies showed differences composition, suggesting D. gene per has role shaping microbiome. In 12:12 LD DD conditions, mutants significant daily variations bacterial quantity, unlike flies. This suggests involved maintaining stability load melanogaster. Expanding these other fly strains with disrupted clocks will clarify whether effects originate from function or its possible pleiotropic effects. Finally, some bacteria exhibited 24 fluctuations relative abundance, which appeared independent clock, certain commensal may possess host-independent clock.

Язык: Английский

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Wolbachia impacts microbiome diversity and fitness‐associated traits for Drosophila melanogaster in a seasonally fluctuating environment

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract The microbiome contributes to many different host traits, but its role in adaptation remains enigmatic. fitness benefits of the often depend on ecological conditions, theory suggests that fluctuations both and environment modulate these benefits. Moreover, vertically transmitted bacteria might constrain ability respond changing environments. Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent system investigate impacts interactions between environment. To address this question, we created field mesocosms D. undergoing seasonal environmental change with without bacteria, Wolbachia pipientis . Sampling temporal patterns revealed constrained microbial diversity. Furthermore, a dominant member microbiome, Commensalibacter , were associated differences two higher‐order starvation resistance lifespan. Our work here interplay abiotic context microbe–microbe may shape key phenotypes underlie We conclude by exploring consequences complex for our understanding eco‐evolutionary processes host‐microbiome interactions.

Язык: Английский

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MprF-mediated immune evasion is necessary for Lactiplantibacillus plantarum resilience in the Drosophila gut during inflammation

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(8), С. e1012462 - e1012462

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

Multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF) confers to cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in several pathogens, thereby enabling evasion of the host immune response. The role MprF commensals remains, however, uncharacterized. To close this knowledge gap, we used a common gut commensal animals, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum , and its natural host, fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as an experimental model investigate commensal-host interactions. L . ΔmprF mutant that generated exhibited deficiency synthesis lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (Lys-PG), resulting increased negative cell surface charge susceptibility AMPs. Susceptibility AMPs had no effect on mutant’s ability colonize guts uninfected flies. However, observed significantly reduced abundance after infection-induced inflammation wild-type flies but not lacking Additionally, found compared induces stronger intestinal response due release immunostimulatory peptidoglycan fragments, indicating important promoting tolerance commensals. Our further analysis suggests MprF-mediated lipoteichoic acid modifications are involved immunomodulation. Overall, our results demonstrate MprF, besides well-characterized pathogen virulence, is also resilience factor.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring Bacterial Communities and Functions in Phytophagous Halyomorpha halys and Predatory Arma chinensis

Insects, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(2), С. 146 - 146

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

The phytophagous Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a global agricultural pest that damages many crops. Conversely, the predatory Arma chinensis shows promise as biological control agent against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. A. are closely related species with different feeding habits, confirmed via genomic morphological analyses. However, no study investigating implications of these differences has been reported. Herein, 16S rRNA sequencing technology was employed to analyze microbiota diversity function in tissues (salivary glands, gut, sperm, ovaries) H. elucidate from microbial perspective. Additionally, adult male-to-female ratio organs statistically similar, while not. Based on dominance symbionts two bug species, we inferred Sodalis involved reproduction digestion chinensis, Spiroplasma Pantoea play essential roles digestion. We analyzed data laying foundation for further understanding symbiosis halys, which may inform development strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Different Long-Term Nutritional Regimens of Drosophila melanogaster Shape Its Microbiota and Associated Metabolic Activity in a Sex-Specific Manner

Insects, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(2), С. 141 - 141

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

The dietary habits of fruit flies profoundly influence their fitness, morphology, and physiology yet the mechanisms underlying these effects remain incompletely understood. To address this gap, relationship between regimens composition function adult Drosophila melanogaster microbiota was investigated in present study. fly communities that were reared for long time on five different diets characterized by means 16S rRNA sequencing. Obtained results revealed distinct community structures associated with each regimen, which additionally corroborated through machine learning-based analysis. In general, sugar-rich correlate microbial ecosystems higher richness/diversity. Dominance phyla Proteobacteria Firmicutes confirmed irrespective diet, varying proportions most abundant families: Acetobacteraceae, Lactobacillaceae, Moraxellaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, Leucostonocaceae. Bacterial families lower abundance also emerged as differentially among studied groups. Additionally, functional prediction provided initial clues into how nutrient availability might modulate metabolic traits a sex-specific manner to meet host needs. Overall, presented findings highlight intricate interplay composition, phenotype flies, underscoring importance diet determinant host-microbiota interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Innate Immunity in Insects: The Lights and Shadows of Phenoloxidase System Activation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(3), С. 1320 - 1320

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025

Melanogenesis and melanin deposition are processes essential for the effective immune response of insects to various invaders. Phenoloxidase (PO), produced in specialized cells as an inactive precursor prophenoloxidase (proPO), is key enzyme formation. The activated via limited proteolysis by a dedicated serine proteinase, which final element cascade proteinases (SPs) that make up PO system. provides different cytotoxic molecules active fighting infections, well melanin, important sequestration However, since reactive compounds generated during melanization also pose threat host cells, strict control system necessary self-protection. Different pathogens parasites influence through strategies, allow them survive develop insect body. In this review, we characterize “the lights shadows” activation, indicating, on one hand, its advantages efficient mechanism and, other dangers associated with improper functioning selected strategies regulating activity entomopathogenic organisms.

Язык: Английский

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Stem cell-specific NF-kB is required for stem cell survival and epithelial regeneration upon intestinal damage.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025

ABSTRACT Immune signals coordinate the repair of damaged epithelia by intestinal stem cells. However, it is unclear if immune pathways act autonomously within cell to direct damage response pathway. We consider this an important question, as dynamics are essential for formation and maintenance entire epithelium. used Drosophila determine impact cell-specific loss NF-κB on tissue regeneration upon chemical injury. found that enhanced death, impaired enterocyte renewal increased mortality. Mechanistically, we showed inhibition apoptosis NF-κB-dependent viability repair. Combined, our data demonstrate cell-intrinsic activity orderly epithelia.

Язык: Английский

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Bifidobacterium bifidum reduces oxidative stress and alters gut flora to mitigate acute liver injury caused by N-acetyl-p-aminophenol

BMC Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Pharmacologically-induced liver injury from N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) overdose has become a leading cause of acute failure. Extensive research elucidated the relationship between intestinal microbiota and pathophysiology diseases. The growing body evidence supporting beneficial effects probiotics, coupled with their established safety profile, led to widespread adoption in clinical practice. Among these, Bifidobacterium bifidum garnered substantial attention due its potential hepatoprotective properties, particularly APAP-induced (AILI). However, precise therapeutic underlying mechanisms alleviate drug-induced toxicity remain largely unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, present study aimed investigate role new strain CGMCC No. 29,545 isolated faeces on AILI. A mouse model was constructed through administration heat-killed or active B. preparations via gavage, followed by an intraperitoneal APAP. results showed that could significantly reverse increase plasma transaminase levels reduce necrotic area cells AILI mice. reduction oxidative stress accompanied effect. Furthermore, attenuated endotoxin improved colonic inflammation, reducing hepatocyte apoptosis. 16 S rRNA diversity contents suggests involvement regulation also plays crucial protection against above suggest amelioration multiple injuries APAP overprocessing is closely related bifidum, which confirmed preparations. Heat-killed did not attenuate degree caused treatment. two different provide insights into protective strategies as probiotic

Язык: Английский

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Ginseng polysaccharides ameliorate colorectal tumorigenesis through Lachnospiraceae-mediated immune modulation

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 142015 - 142015

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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