Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages: What do we know so far amid the emergence of recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2?

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 154, С. 113522 - 113522

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2022

Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide. The advent concern (VOCs) raises severe concerns amid serious containment efforts against that include physical measures, pharmacological repurposing, immunization, and genomic/community surveillance. Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has identified as a highly modified, contagious, crucial among five VOCs SARS-CoV-2. increased affinity spike protein (S-protein), host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), due to higher number mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD) S-protein proposed primary reason for decreased efficacy majorly available vaccines transmissible nature variant. Because its significant competitive advantage, sublineages swiftly surpassed other become dominant circulating lineages nations. prevalent strain United Kingdom South Africa. Furthermore, emergence recombinant through conjunction with or by mixing variant's sublineages/subvariants poses major threat humanity. This various issues hazards regarding sublineages, such an breakout susceptible populations fully vaccinated persons. As result, understanding features genetic implications this is crucial. Hence, we explained depth evolution analyzed repercussions on infectiousness, dissemination ability, viral entry mechanism, immune evasion. We also presented viewpoint feasible strategies precluding counteracting any future catastrophic spread omicron could result detrimental wave cases.

Язык: Английский

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mRNA Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Advantages and Caveats

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(6), С. 5944 - 5944

Опубликована: Март 21, 2023

The application of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection has constituted a determinant resource to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Since beginning 2021, millions doses have been administered in several countries North South America Europe. Many studies confirmed efficacy these wide range ages vulnerable groups people COVID-19. Nevertheless, emergence selection new variants led progressive decay vaccine efficacy. Pfizer-BioNTech Moderna developed updated bivalent vaccines-Comirnaty Spikevax-to improve responses Omicron variants. Frequent booster with monovalent or mRNA vaccines, some rare but serious adverse events activation T-helper 17 suggest need for improved formulations use other types vaccines. In this review, we discuss advantages limitations targeting focusing on most recent, related publications.

Язык: Английский

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Fast-track development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: The shots that saved the world

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2022

In December 2019, an outbreak emerged of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which leads to disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organisation announced the a global health emergency on 30 January 2020 and by 11 March it was declared pandemic. spread severity took heavy toll overburdening system, particularly since there were no available drugs against SARS-CoV-2. With immediate worldwide effort, communication, sharing data, large amounts funding, researchers pharmaceutical companies immediately fast-tracked vaccine development in order prevent disease, hospitalizations death. A number vaccines quickly approved for use, vaccination rollouts put place. However, due several individuals being hesitant vaccinations many poorer countries not having access vaccines, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants that distinct from original variant. Uncertainties related effectiveness various new as well specific-side effects have remained concern. Despite these uncertainties, fast-track approval, manufacturing at scale, effective distribution COVID-19 remain topmost priorities around world. Unprecedented efforts made developers/researchers healthcare staff, played major role distributing shots provided protection and/or reduced severity, deaths, even with delta omicron variants. Fortunately, those who become infected, appears protect hospitalisation, fatality COVID-19. Herein, we analyse ongoing studies platforms saved deaths

Язык: Английский

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Updated Insights into the T Cell-Mediated Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2: A Step towards Efficient and Reliable Vaccines

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1), С. 101 - 101

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The emergence of novel variants SARS-CoV-2 and their abilities to evade the immune response elicited through presently available vaccination makes it essential recognize mechanisms which interacts with human response. It is not only comprehend infection mechanism but also for generation effective reliable vaccines against COVID-19. effectiveness vaccine supported by adaptive response, mainly consists B T cells, play a critical role in deciding prognosis COVID-19 disease. cells are reducing viral load containing infection. A plethora proteins can be recognized provide broad range protection, especially amid SARS-CoV-2. However, hyperactivation effector reduced number lymphocytes have been found key characteristics severe Notably, excessive cell activation may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) producing unwarranted amounts cytokines chemokines. Nevertheless, still unknown how T-cell-mediated responses function determining Additionally, functional perturbations lead form disease protection many other infections. Hence, an updated review has developed understand involvement mechanism, turn determines Importantly, we focused on cells’ exhaustion under certain conditions these modulated therapeutic strategies discussed that elevate cell-mediated either directly or indirectly.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding Mutations in Human SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(4), С. 856 - 856

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Genetic variant(s) of concern (VoC) SARS-CoV-2 have been emerging worldwide due to mutations in the gene encoding spike glycoprotein. We performed comprehensive analyses protein significant variant clade SARS-CoV-2, using data available on Nextstrain server. selected various mutations, namely, A222V, N439K, N501Y, L452R, Y453F, E484K, K417N, T478K, L981F, L212I, N856K, T547K, G496S, and Y369C for this study. These were chosen based their global entropic score, emergence, spread, transmission, location receptor binding domain (RBD). The relative abundance these was mapped with mutation D614G as a reference. Our suggest rapid emergence newer alongside D614G, reported during recent waves COVID-19 parts world. could be instrumentally imperative infectivity, virulence, host immune system’s evasion SARS-CoV-2. probable impact vaccine effectiveness, antigenic diversity, antibody interactions, stability, RBD flexibility, accessibility human cell ACE2 studied silico. Overall, present study can help researchers design next generation vaccines biotherapeutics combat infection.

Язык: Английский

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Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2: An Indian Perspective of Vaccination and Management

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1), С. 160 - 160

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Omicron variants have highly influenced the entire globe. It has a high rate of transmissibility, which makes its management tedious. There are various subtypes omicron, namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5. Currently, one omicron subvariant BF.7 is also immersed in some parts India. Further studies required for better understanding new immersing SARS-CoV-2 omicron. They differ mutation spike proteins, alters their attachment to host receptor hence modifies virulence adaptability. Delta great disastrous influence on world, especially While overcoming it, another mutant catches pace. The Indian population affected by variants. diagnosis system against COVID-19. demanded forcemeat health care system, both qualitatively quantitively, cope with wave. alteration protein, major target vaccines, leads varied immunization subvariants. efficacy vaccines variant was questioned. Every vaccine had different shielding effect variant. hesitancy vaccination prevalent factor India that might contributed outbreak. prevalence monkeypox, tomato flu shared similarities distinct features when compared population. This review emphasizes changes brings it how outrage this dangerous

Язык: Английский

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Comparison of Symptoms Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Variants Among Children in Canada

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(3), С. e232328 - e232328

Опубликована: Март 9, 2023

Importance Clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 variants have not been systematically compared in children. Objective To compare symptoms, emergency department (ED) chest radiography, treatments, and outcomes among children with different variants. Design, Setting, Participants This multicenter cohort study was performed at 14 Canadian pediatric EDs. included adolescents younger than 18 years (hereinafter referred to as children) tested for infection an ED between August 4, 2020, February 22, 2022, days follow-up. Exposure(s) detected on a specimen collected from the nasopharynx, nares, or throat. Main Outcomes Measures The primary outcome presence number presenting symptoms. secondary were core COVID-19 radiography findings, 14-day outcomes. Results Among 7272 participants ED, 1440 (19.8%) had test results positive infection. Of these, 801 (55.6%) boys, median age 2.0 (IQR, 0.6-7.0) years. Children Alpha variant reported fewest symptoms (195 237 [82.3%]), which most often by Omicron (434 468 [92.7%]; difference, 10.5% [95% CI, 5.1%-15.9%]). In multivariable model original type referent, Delta associated fever (odds ratios [ORs], 2.00 1.43-2.80] 1.93 1.33-2.78], respectively) cough (ORs, 1.42 1.06-1.91] 1.57 1.13-2.17], respectively). Upper respiratory tract (OR, 1.96 1.38-2.79]); lower systemic 1.04-1.92] 1.77 1.24-2.52], received treatments; those who infection, they more likely (difference, 9.7% 4.7%-14.8%]), receive intravenous fluids 5.6% 1.0%-10.2%]) corticosteroids 7.9% 3.2%-12.7%]), revisit 8.8% 3.5%-14.1%]). proportions admitted hospital intensive care unit did differ Conclusions Relevance findings this suggest that strongly original-type virus variant. report manifestations, undergo interventions. No differences found undesirable (ie, hospitalization, admission) across

Язык: Английский

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Mutational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: Impact on future COVID-19 vaccine strategies

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(9), С. e30208 - e30208

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

The rapid emergence of multiple strains Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has sparked profound concerns regarding the ongoing evolution virus and its potential impact on global health. Classified by World Health Organization (WHO) as variants concern (VOC), these exhibit heightened transmissibility pathogenicity, posing significant challenges to existing vaccine strategies. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, continual SARS-CoV-2 presents a formidable obstacle achieving herd immunity. Of particular is coronavirus spike (S) protein, pivotal viral surface protein crucial for host cell entry infectivity. Mutations within S have been shown enhance confer resistance antibody-mediated neutralization, undermining efficacy traditional platforms. Moreover, undergoes molecular under selective immune pressure, leading diverse with distinct mutation profiles. This review underscores urgent need vigilance adaptation in development efforts combat evolving landscape mutations ensure long-term effectiveness immunization campaigns.

Язык: Английский

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S6P mutation in Delta and Omicron variant spike protein significantly enhances the efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

The unrelenting emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has significantly challenged the efficacy existing COVID-19 vaccines. Enhancing stability and immunogenicity spike protein is critical for improving vaccine performance addressing variant-driven immune evasion. We developed an mRNA-based vaccine, RV-1730, encoding Delta variant with S6P mutation to enhance immunogenicity. vaccine's protective were evaluated in preclinical models, including monovalent (RV-1730) bivalent (RV-1731) formulations targeting BA.1 variants. Additionally, effectiveness RV-1730 as a heterologous booster following primary vaccination BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA-1273 (Moderna-NIAID) was assessed. elicited stronger B T cell responses more durable neutralizing antibodies compared S2P-based RV-1731 demonstrated broad activity against emerging variants, XBB1.5 JN.1. Importantly, when used initial immunization or mRNA-1273, enhanced antibody titers multiple Omicron. Both provided superior protection indicating due mutation. incorporation into enhances strong broad-spectrum underscore their potential versatile effective strategies its evolving

Язык: Английский

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Variants of SARS-CoV-2: Influences on the Vaccines’ Effectiveness and Possible Strategies to Overcome Their Consequences

Medicina, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59(3), С. 507 - 507

Опубликована: Март 5, 2023

The immune response elicited by the current COVID-19 vaccinations declines with time, especially among immunocompromised population. Furthermore, emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly Omicron variant, has raised serious concerns about efficacy currently available vaccines in protecting most vulnerable people. Several studies have reported that vaccinated people get breakthrough infections amid cases. So far, five variants concern (VOCs) been reported, resulting successive waves infection. These shown a variable amount resistance towards neutralising antibodies (nAbs) either through natural infection or vaccination. spike (S) protein, membrane (M) and envelope (E) protein on viral surface N-nucleocapsid core ribonucleoprotein are major structural vaccine target proteins against COVID-19. Among these targets, S Protein extensively exploited to generate effective Hence, SARS-CoV-2, we discussed their impact vaccines. We also potential roles development vaccination approaches contain negative consequences variants’ acquisition mutations SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, implications SARS-CoV-2’s were terms elicit an response.

Язык: Английский

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