Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Thermal Systems: A Comprehensive Mechanistic Review

Energy & Fuels, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(22), С. 21735 - 21792

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed invariably through oxidative and pyrolytic degradation of organic materials fuels. Understanding the highly complex reaction mechanisms that dictate their synthesis in thermal systems has been given a great deal focus. Such interest stems from two broad perspectives, namely, enhancing efficiency combustion system, energy recovery fuels protecting environment. Health environmental effects widely vary among PAHs where certain compounds exhibit carcinogenic tendencies. This critical review mainly aims to provide general mechanistic view commonly discussed formation pathways PAHs. The attained knowledge often incorporates experimental measurements kinetic modelings, as well mapped out by quantum chemical calculations. A sampling species is typically conducted via molecular beam (MB)–mass spectroscopy (MS) technique connected reactor (flow reactor, jet-stirred or shock tube). Generally, PAH precursors encompass four categories (radicals molecules): acetylenic compounds, alkyl radicals, phenyl resonance-stabilized cyclic radicals. Overall, relevance mechanism depends on consistency between proposed model pathways, profiles products at investigated conditions (i.e., temperatures, pressures, distance burners). effect seeding common precursors, with other explored surveying pertinent studies. Growth higher PAHs, including toxic pyrene, most likely involves hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition (HACA)-like starting anthracene bimolecular reactions involve benzyl radicals indene molecules. synergistic collaboration different suggested account for observed fast growth rate As experimentally shown, sequential mass 15 u, 24 26 74 indicate routes MAC, HACA, HAVA*, PAC routes, respectively. Whether physical process initial step conversion into soot (the inception step) still debated literature. Recent evidence underscores commence creating dimers clustering under real flame 400–1200 K). Formation synthetic natural polymers ensues condensation fragments structural arrangements polymeric entities, prior fragmentation. surveyed presented this will be useful readers who aim comprehend chemistry underlying systems.

Язык: Английский

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Biocatalytic Potential of Pseudomonas Species in the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Journal of Basic Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the major environmental pollutants, produced from incomplete combustion materials like coal, oil, gas, wood, and charbroiled meat, that contaminate air, soil, water, necessitating urgent remediation. Understanding metabolic pathways for PAHs degradation is crucial to preventing damage health issues. Biological methods are gaining increasing interest due their cost-effectiveness friendliness. These particularly suitable remediating contamination mitigating associated risks. The paper also outlines processes biodegrading PAHs, emphasizing function Pseudomonas spp., a kind bacterium recognized its capacity degrade PAHs. To eliminate environment reduce threats human environment, spp. essential. mechanism PAH breakdown by means microbes could lead effective clean-up strategies. review highlights enzymatic capabilities, adaptability, genetic versatility genes nah phn which involved in pathways. Scientific evidence supports using as biocatalysts clean-up, offering cost-effective eco-friendly solutions.

Язык: Английский

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Toxic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on co-culture model of human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and macrophages (THP-1)

Environmental Sciences Europe, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Emission rates of particle-bound heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM fractions from indoor combustion sources

Building and Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 265, С. 112033 - 112033

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Particulate matter levels in the atmosphere and their temporal variations in an urban fish smoking community and a busy highway interchange

International Journal of Environmental Studies, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 20

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

In Ghana's Central Region, the study was conducted to look at amounts and fluctuations of particulate matter (PM) in Apam fish-smoking community (AFC) Winneba highway junction (WHJ). Three times a week, from July 2022 February 2023, 24-hour airborne particles were collected. PM10 collected using Gent sampler equipped with Gast pump stacked filter unit separate into coarse (PM2.5–10) fine (PM2.5) size fractions. Gravimetric reflectance methods used quantify concentrations black carbon (BC), respectively. The discovered that average PM2.5 (25.66 µg/m3) (75.30 for AFC (20.35 (73.19 WHJ exceeded mean WHO threshold limits 15 45 µg/m3 PM10, AQI classified atmospheric air quality areas as moderate, suggesting vulnerable individuals should avoid prolonged PM exposure. BC substantially influenced loadings (R2 = 0.60–0.73). levels Harmattan season double those non-Harmattan season. Adoption eco-friendly transport transition sustainable clean fish smoking are required reduce ambient pollution its seasonal variability.

Язык: Английский

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Biodegradation and biodetoxification of phenanthrene mixture with anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene; an in-depth study on Phellinus noxius BRB 11 potentials, isolated from Berbak-Sembilang Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia

Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 11

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Outdoor and indoor particle air pollution and its health consequences in African cities: New evidence and an exhortation

Sustainable Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been identified as the leading cause of disease burden in Africa. A greater understanding particle and its negative health effects is critical for developing effective long-term solutions to pollution. The current research on outdoor indoor concentrations their populated African cities was summarised this study. In academic databases, 71 articles published peer-reviewed journals between 2010 2023 were located, with 45 reporting PM 27 examining impacts exposure airborne particles. narrative synthesis technique used systematic review critically analyse provide descriptive summaries study findings tabular form. According study, most that assessed burdens focused either PM2.5 or both PM10. PM10 levels ambient home surpassed WHO-recommended threshold values. Sub-Saharan Africa than North Chronic raised risk respiratory infections pulmonary illnesses, females, children, elderly being more vulnerable. high promote spread COVID-19 human capital loss, poverty, low agricultural productivity, a decline food supply, decrease GDP. Reduced energy consumption, environmentally friendly mobility, increased renewable fuel clean generation, shift sustainable cooking are all required reduce cities.

Язык: Английский

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Air quality of health facilities in Spain

Chemosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 362, С. 142615 - 142615

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Size-segregated content of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particles emitted by indoor sources

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Ambient PM2.5 in the Central Region of Ghana: Molecular Distribution, Origin and Cancer Risk Assessment

Atmospheric Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 120973 - 120973

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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