Limits to post‐fire vegetation recovery under climate change

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 44(11), С. 3471 - 3489

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2021

Abstract Record‐breaking fire seasons in many regions across the globe raise important questions about plant community responses to shifting regimes (i.e., changing frequency, severity and seasonality). Here, we examine impacts of climate‐driven shifts on vegetation communities, likely coinciding with severe drought, heatwaves and/or insect outbreaks. We present scenario‐based conceptual models how overlapping disturbance events interact differently limit post‐fire resprouting recruitment capacity. demonstrate that, although communities will remain resilient short‐term, longer‐term changes structure, demography species composition are likely, a range subsequent effects ecosystem function. Resprouting be most regimes. However, even these susceptible if exposed repeated short‐interval combination other stressors. Post‐fire is highly vulnerable increased particularly as climatic limitations propagule availability intensify. Prediction under climate change greatly improved by addressing knowledge gaps disturbances change‐induced regime affect resprouting, recruitment, growth rates, species‐level adaptation

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms of forest resilience

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 512, С. 120129 - 120129

Опубликована: Март 25, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Human-ignited fires result in more extreme fire behavior and ecosystem impacts

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Май 17, 2022

Abstract California has experienced a rapid increase in burned area over the past several decades. Although fire behavior is known to be closely tied ecosystem impacts, most analysis of changing regimes focused solely on burned. Here we present standardized database wildfire behavior, including daily rate-of-spread and radiative power for large, multiday wildfires during 2012–2018 using remotely-sensed active observations. We observe that human-ignited fires start at locations with lower tree cover periods more extreme weather. These characteristics contribute explosive growth first few days following ignition human-caused as compared lightning-caused fires. The faster spread, turn, yields larger impact, mortality than three times higher fast-moving (>1 km day −1 ) slow moving (<0.5 ). Our shows how can amplify impacts highlights importance limiting period weather meeting forest conservation targets under scenarios future change.

Язык: Английский

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Influences of wildfire on the forest ecosystem and climate change: A comprehensive study

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 240, С. 117537 - 117537

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Fire effects on tree physiology

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 223(4), С. 1728 - 1741

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2019

Summary Heat injuries sustained in a fire can initiate cascade of complex mechanisms that affect the physiology trees after fires. Uncovering exact physiological and relating specific to whole‐plant ecosystem functioning is focus intense current research. Recent studies have made critical steps forward our understanding tree processes fires, suggested by which may interact with disturbances such as drought, insects pathogens. We outline conceptual framework unifies involved processes, their interconnections, possible feedbacks, contextualizes these responses existing hypotheses for disturbance effects on plants ecosystems. By focusing carbon water currencies plant functioning, we demonstrate fire‐induced cambium/phloem necrosis xylem damage be main effects. The resulting starvation hydraulic dysfunction are linked drought insect impacts. Evaluating precise process relationships will crucial fully how fires functionality, help improve risk assessment mortality model predictions. Especially considering future climate‐driven increases frequency intensity, knowledge important better estimate postfire dynamics interactions climate disturbances.

Язык: Английский

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Biogeography of fire regimes in western U.S. conifer forests: A trait‐based approach

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 29(5), С. 944 - 955

Опубликована: Март 5, 2020

Abstract Aim Functional traits are a crucial link between species distributions and the ecosystem processes that structure those species’ niches. Concurrent increases in availability of functional trait data our ability to model present an opportunity develop biogeography (i.e., mapping across space). can improve process‐based predictions about resistance certain assemblages changing environmental conditions landscape scales. We illustrate this concept by developing first trait‐based, quantitative ranking fire (adult tree survival) North American conifer space. Location time period Western continental USA, day. Major taxa studied Twenty‐nine common species. Methods compiled six for each species: three relating morphology litter flammability. combined these into single score used community‐weighted averaging estimate scores different forest communities, using interpolated distribution relative abundance data. Results Species associated historically with frequent have high (e.g., Pinus ponderosa ), reflected thick bark, tall crowns flammable litter. subalpine or arid low Picea engelmannii edulis thin short stature, poor self‐pruning A map community western USA reveals agreement independent assessments historical regimes, while also identifying areas where community‐wide might be mismatched regimes. Main conclusions Quantifying confer tree‐killing provides direct disturbance resistance. Understanding is evaluation long‐term resilience types under dynamic Our work represents known spatial representation at regional scale and, as such, relevant critical process.

Язык: Английский

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Eucalypt forests dominated by epicormic resprouters are resilient to repeated canopy fires

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 108(1), С. 310 - 324

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2019

Abstract Wildfire occurrence and severity are projected to increase in response anthropogenic climate change, leading fire regimes that may exceed the limits of tolerance for some species. Plants capable regenerating from aerial shoots following high intensity fires, termed ‘epicormic resprouters’, assumed be resilient changes regimes. However, empirical tests epicormic resprouters extreme regimes, such as repeated canopy fires at short intervals, currently lacking. This study examined effect combinations understorey across two successive wildfires (2007, 2013) on resilience eucalypts resprout epicormically. The took place a temperate eucalypt forest south eastern Australia. Measures used infer community included stem topkill damage, seedling recruitment. It was predicted that: (a) stems will exhibit lower resistance (i.e. increased damage) than fire; (b) recruitment higher (c) prior exposure reduce subsequent wildfires; (d) vary depending bark traits. Topkill saplings small (<30 cm diameter breast height) sites recently experienced opposed fire. Recent had no large trees. Tree species with dense main larger branches were less prone or partial branch mortality fibrous exposed branches. Seedling greater Exposure past 2007) did not decrease Synthesis. results this suggest communities can epicormically experience demographic shifts fires. given trees rapid post‐fire recovery seedbank, ecosystem conversion appears unlikely. findings support presumption highly

Язык: Английский

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Tree crown injury from wildland fires: causes, measurement and ecological and physiological consequences

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 231(5), С. 1676 - 1685

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2021

The dead foliage of scorched crowns is one the most conspicuous signatures wildland fires. Globally, crown scorch from fires in savannas, woodlands and forests causes tree stress death across diverse taxa. term scorch, however, inconsistently ambiguously defined literature, causing confusion conflicting interpretation results. Furthermore, underlying mechanisms fire are poorly understood. consequences - alterations physiological, biogeochemical ecological processes ecosystem recovery pathways remain largely unexamined. Most research on topic assumes mechanism leaf bud exposure to lethal air temperatures, with few direct measurements heating thresholds. Notable information gaps include how energy transfer injures kills leaves buds, nutrients, carbohydrates, hormones respond, what physiological lead mortality. We clarify definitions encourage use unified terminology for necrosis resulting fire. review current understanding physical driving foliar injury, discuss responses, explore novel injury From these elements, we propose needs increasingly interdisciplinary study effects.

Язык: Английский

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Distribution of biomass dynamics in relation to tree size in forests across the world

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 234(5), С. 1664 - 1677

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2022

Summary Tree size shapes forest carbon dynamics and determines how trees interact with their environment, including a changing climate. Here, we conduct the first global analysis of among‐site differences in aboveground biomass stocks fluxes are distributed tree size. We analyzed repeat censuses from 25 large‐scale (4–52 ha) plots spanning broad climatic range over five continents to characterize biomass, woody productivity, mortality vary diameter. examined median, dispersion, skewness these size‐related distributions mean annual temperature precipitation. In warmer forests, were more broadly respect wetter productivity right skewed, long tail towards large trees. Small (1–10 cm diameter) contributed than highlighting importance analyses dynamics. Our findings provide an improved characterization climate‐driven structure that as well refined benchmarks for capturing climate influences vegetation demographic models.

Язык: Английский

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Spatiotemporal patterns of fire-driven forest mortality in China

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 529, С. 120678 - 120678

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2022

Язык: Английский

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