State of Wildfires 2023–2024

Earth system science data, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(8), С. 3601 - 3685

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024

Abstract. Climate change contributes to the increased frequency and intensity of wildfires globally, with significant impacts on society environment. However, our understanding global distribution extreme fires remains skewed, primarily influenced by media coverage regionalised research efforts. This inaugural State Wildfires report systematically analyses fire activity worldwide, identifying events from March 2023–February 2024 season. We assess causes, predictability, attribution these climate land use forecast future risks under different scenarios. During 2023–2024 season, 3.9×106 km2 burned slightly below average previous seasons, but carbon (C) emissions were 16 % above average, totalling 2.4 Pg C. Global C record in Canadian boreal forests (over 9 times average) reduced low African savannahs. Notable included record-breaking extent Canada, largest recorded wildfire European Union (Greece), drought-driven western Amazonia northern parts South America, deadly Hawaii (100 deaths) Chile (131 deaths). Over 232 000 people evacuated Canada alone, highlighting severity human impact. Our revealed that multiple drivers needed cause areas activity. In Greece, a combination high weather an abundance dry fuels probability fires, whereas area anomalies weaker regions lower fuel loads higher direct suppression, particularly Canada. Fire prediction showed mild anomalous signal 1 2 months advance, Greece had shorter predictability horizons. Attribution indicated modelled up 40 %, 18 50 due during respectively. Meanwhile, seasons magnitudes has significantly anthropogenic change, 2.9–3.6-fold increase likelihood 20.0–28.5-fold Amazonia. By end century, similar magnitude 2023 are projected occur 6.3–10.8 more frequently medium–high emission scenario (SSP370). represents first annual effort catalogue events, explain their occurrence, predict risks. consolidating state-of-the-art science delivering key insights relevant policymakers, disaster management services, firefighting agencies, managers, we aim enhance society's resilience promote advances preparedness, mitigation, adaptation. New datasets presented this work available https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11400539 (Jones et al., 2024) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11420742 (Kelley 2024a).

Язык: Английский

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Compounding effects of climate change and WUI expansion quadruple the likelihood of extreme-impact wildfires in California

npj natural hazards., Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025

Abstract Previous research has examined individual factors contributing to wildfire risk, but the compounding effects of these remain underexplored. Here, we introduce “Integrated Human-centric Wildfire Risk Index (IHWRI)” quantify fire-weather intensification and anthropogenic factors—including ignitions human settlement into wildland—on risk. While climatic trends increased frequency high-risk by 2.5-fold, combination this trend with wildland-urban interface expansion led a 4.1-fold increase in conditions conducive extreme-impact wildfires from 1990 2022 across California. More than three-quarters wildfires—defined as top 20 largest, most destructive, or deadliest events on record—originated within 1 km interface. The destructive wildfires—90% which were human-caused—primarily occurred fall, while largest wildfires—56% human-caused—mostly took place summer. By integrating activity climate change impacts, provide holistic understanding human-centric crucial for policy development.

Язык: Английский

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New insights into the environmental safety of incorporating Cr(III) into cement matrix: Cr(VI) formation driven by low-intensity fire

Construction and Building Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 470, С. 140694 - 140694

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Understanding Wildfires in Norway: Key Hazards and Vegetation Fires Damaging Buildings 2016–2023

Fire and Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

ABSTRACT Wildland–urban interface (WUI) fires are an increasing global challenge, and local knowledge is essential for efficient mitigation. In Norway, as the rest of Northern Europe, wildfires expected to increase in frequency severity, which will also WUI vulnerabilities. This study analyzes all registered vegetation damaging buildings Norway from January 2016 April 2023 (74 102 structures), with a case‐by‐case review 18 impacting two or more structures. We have identified that spring season direct flame contact primary contributors damage Norway. provide insights three wildfire exercises prescribed burns post‐fire evaluation, providing fire dynamics data on low while identifying need focus hazards related juniper unmanaged cultural landscapes. new vital developing effective targeted prevention measures Norwegian communities areas.

Язык: Английский

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Disproportionately large impacts of wildland-urban interface fire emissions on global air quality and human health

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(11)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2025

Fires in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are a global issue with growing importance. However, impact of WUI fires on air quality and health is less understood compared to that wildland. We analyze fire impacts at scale using multi-scale atmospheric chemistry model—the Multi-Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry Aerosols model (MUSICA). have notable key pollutants [e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ozone (O 3 )]. The emission disproportionately large wildland primarily because closer human settlement. Globally, fraction fire–caused annual premature deaths (APDs) all APDs about three times emissions emissions. developed framework can be applied address critical needs understanding mitigating their impacts.

Язык: Английский

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Estimation of Health Risks from Climate Change-Related Hazards Using the Example of Nuremberg, Germany

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Novel wildfire regimes under climate change and human activity: patterns, driving mechanisms and ecological impacts

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 380(1924)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Fire regime refers to the statistical characteristics of fire events within specific spatio-temporal contexts, shaped by interactions among climatic conditions, vegetation types and natural or anthropogenic ignitions. Under dual pressures intensified global climate changes human activities, regimes worldwide are undergoing unprecedented transformations, marked increasing frequency large intense wildfires in some regions, yet declining activity others. These (FRC) may drive responses ecosystem structure function across scales, posing significant challenges socio-economic adaptation mitigation capacities. To date, research on patterns mechanisms FRC has rapidly expanded, with investigations into driving factors revealing complex interactions. This review synthesizes advancements analysing 17 articles from this special issue 249 additional publications retrieved Web Science. We systematically outline key FRC, geographical hotspots transformation, critical fire-prone types, primary drivers adaptations feedbacks. Finally, we highlight frontiers identify approaches advance field emphasize an interdisciplinary perspective understanding adapting FRC. article is part theme ‘Novel under influences: impacts, feedbacks’.

Язык: Английский

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Regional patterns in U.S. wildfire activity: the critical role of ignition sources

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(5), С. 054046 - 054046

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

Abstract As extreme wildfires increase globally, understanding their causes is critical for effective management. While climate and housing growth are commonly linked to rising fire activity, the role of specific ignition sources—particularly human-caused—remains understudied. Analyzing a 79-year dataset (1940–2019) from U.S. Forest Service regions across continental United States, we found that different sources in have been major driver wildfire trends, accounting 60%–80% interannual variation frequency approximately 20% area burned most regions. Lightning campfires were dominant western regions, while arson drove activity east Mississippi River. Trends also varied significantly by region over time, with explaining more terms primarily influencing burned. Importantly, frequent fires often originated than those causing largest areas Prevention human-caused ignitions, such as arson, could offer efficient strategies mitigate impacts on human natural systems under changing land-use conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Forest firefighting technology: Strategic water reservoir placement for terrestrial and aerial vehicles

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 108, С. 104496 - 104496

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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HTAP3 Fires: Towards a multi-model, multi-pollutant study of fire impacts

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2024

Abstract. Open biomass burning has major impacts globally and regionally on atmospheric composition. Fire emissions include particulate matter, tropospheric ozone precursors, greenhouse gases, as well persistent organic pollutants, mercury other metals. frequency, intensity, duration, location are changing the climate warms, modelling these fires their is becoming more critical to inform adaptation mitigation, land management. Indeed, air pollution from can reverse progress made by emission controls industry transportation. At same time, nearly all aspects of fire – such emissions, plume injection height, long-range transport, chemistry highly uncertain. This paper outlines a multi-model, multi-pollutant, multi-regional study improve understanding uncertainties variability in science, models, fires’ impacts, addition providing quantitative estimates radiative burning. Coordinated under auspices Task Force Hemispheric Transport Air Pollution, international science communities working towards common goal improving global using this multi-model experiment provide for impact studies. research needs, opportunities, options fire-focused experiments provides guidance experiments, outputs, analysis that be pursued over next 3 5 years. It proposes plan delivering specific products at key points period meet important milestones relevant policy audiences.

Язык: Английский

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