Journal of Applied Toxicology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
43(1), С. 66 - 88
Опубликована: Март 19, 2022
Abstract
Nowadays,
more
and
attention
has
been
focused
on
the
risk
of
neurotoxic
action
cadmium
(Cd)
under
environmental
exposure.
Due
to
growing
incidence
nervous
system
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative
changes,
suggested
involvement
Cd
in
their
aetiopathogenesis,
this
review
aimed
discuss
critically
element
neurotoxicity.
Attempts
have
made
recognize
at
which
concentrations
blood
urine
may
increase
damage
compare
it
injury
other
organs
systems.
The
performed
overview
available
literature
shows
that
an
unfavourable
impact
human's
concentration
>0.8
μg
Cd/L
>0.6
blood.
Because
such
are
currently
noted
general
population
industrialized
countries,
can
be
concluded
exposure
xenobiotic
create
a
involved
aetiopathogenesis
as
Alzheimer's
disease
Parkinson's
disease,
well
worsening
cognitive
behavioural
functions.
potential
mechanism
neurotoxicity
consists
inducing
oxidative
stress,
disrupting
activity
enzymes
essential
proper
functioning
destroying
homoeostasis
bioelements
brain.
Thus,
further
studies
necessary
accurately
both
due
action.
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
26(19), С. 6060 - 6060
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2021
Heavy
metals
enter
the
human
body
through
gastrointestinal
tract,
skin,
or
via
inhalation.
Toxic
have
proven
to
be
a
major
threat
health,
mostly
because
of
their
ability
cause
membrane
and
DNA
damage,
perturb
protein
function
enzyme
activity.
These
disturb
native
proteins’
functions
by
binding
free
thiols
other
functional
groups,
catalyzing
oxidation
amino
acid
side
chains,
perturbing
folding,
and/or
displacing
essential
metal
ions
in
enzymes.
The
review
shows
physiological
biochemical
effects
selected
toxic
interactions
with
proteins
As
environmental
contamination
heavy
is
one
most
significant
global
problems,
some
detoxification
strategies
are
also
mentioned.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
21(23), С. 9259 - 9259
Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2020
Copper
is
one
of
the
most
abundant
basic
transition
metals
in
human
body.
It
takes
part
oxygen
metabolism,
collagen
synthesis,
and
skin
pigmentation,
maintaining
integrity
blood
vessels,
as
well
iron
homeostasis,
antioxidant
defense,
neurotransmitter
synthesis.
may
also
be
involved
cell
signaling
participate
modulation
membrane
receptor-ligand
interactions,
control
kinase
related
phosphatase
functions,
many
cellular
pathways.
Its
role
important
controlling
gene
expression
nucleus.
In
nervous
system
particular,
copper
myelination,
by
modulating
synaptic
activity
excitotoxic
death
cascades
induced
neurotrophic
factors,
for
various
neuronal
functions.
Current
data
suggest
that
both
excess
levels
deficiency
can
harmful,
careful
homeostatic
important.
This
knowledge
opens
up
an
new
area
potential
therapeutic
interventions
based
on
supplementation
or
removal
neurodegenerative
diseases
including
Wilson’s
disease
(WD),
Menkes
(MD),
Alzheimer’s
(AD),
Parkinson’s
(PD),
others.
However,
much
remains
to
discovered,
how
regulate
homeostasis
prevent
neurodegeneration,
when
chelate
copper,
supplement
it.
Journal of Advanced Research,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
38, С. 223 - 244
Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2021
Recent
research
on
the
implications
of
gut
microbiota
brain
functions
has
helped
to
gather
important
information
relationship
between
them.
Pathogenesis
neurological
disorders
is
found
be
associated
with
dysregulation
gut-brain
axis.
Some
bacteria
metabolites
are
directly
increase
in
reactive
oxygen
species
levels,
one
most
risk
factors
neurodegeneration.
Besides
their
morbid
association,
also
play
a
significant
role
reducing
onset
these
life-threatening
disorders.Studies
done
recent
past
raises
two
link
and
brain:
"gut
microbiota-oxidative
stress-neurodegeneration"
microbiota-antioxidant-neuroprotection.
This
review
aims
gives
deep
insight
our
readers,
collective
studies
done,
focusing
mediated
oxidative
stress
involved
neurodegeneration
along
focus
those
showing
involvement
neuroprotection.This
focused
three
main
key
concepts.
Firstly,
mounting
evidences
from
clinical
preclinical
arenas
shows
influence
resulting
dysfunctional
processes.
Therefore,
we
describe
potential
influencing
vulnerability
stress,
budding
causative
Alzheimer's
Parkinson's
disease.
Secondly,
contributing
roles
been
observed
attenuating
inflammation
via
its
own
or
by
producing
secondary
and,
modulation
population
antioxidative
anti-inflammatory
probiotics
have
shown
promising
neuro
resilience.
Thirdly,
high
throughput
silico
tools
databases
correlation
microbiome,
health,
thus
providing
fascinating
perspective
new
avenues
for
therapeutic
options.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Март 14, 2019
NCOA4
(Nuclear
receptor
coactivator
4)
mediates
the
selective
autophagic
degradation
of
ferritin,
cellular
cytosolic
iron
storage
complex,
thereby
playing
a
critical
role
in
intracellular
and
systemic
homeostasis.
Disruptions
homeostasis
autophagy
are
observed
several
neurodegenerative
disorders
raising
possibility
that
NCOA4-mediated
ferritinophagy
links
these
two
observations
may
underlie,
part,
pathophysiology
neurodegeneration.
Here,
we
review
available
evidence
detailing
molecular
mechanisms
recent
studies
examining
its
erythropoiesis.
We
propose
additional
to
examine
potential
brain
context
diseases.
The
present
review
aims
to
provide
an
update
on
health
risks
associated
with
the
low-to-moderate
levels
of
environmental
cadmium
(Cd)
and
lead
(Pb)
which
most
populations
are
exposed.
Epidemiological
studies
examining
adverse
effects
coexposure
Cd
Pb
have
shown
that
may
enhance
nephrotoxicity
vice
versa.
Herein,
existing
tolerable
intake
discussed
together
conventional
urinary
threshold
limit
5.24
μg/g
creatinine.
Dietary
sources
reported
for
average
consumers
in
U.S.,
Spain,
Korea,
Germany
China
summarized.
utility
urine,
whole
blood,
plasma/serum,
erythrocytes
quantify
exposure
discussed.
linked
one
these
measurements
chronic
kidney
disease
(CKD)
mortality
from
common
ailments
reviewed.
A
level
23.2
μg/day,
is
less
than
half
safe
stated
by
guidelines,
increase
risk
CKD
73%,
one-tenth
limit,
defined
excessive
ß2-microglobulin
excretion,
were
increased
CKD,
heart
disease,
cancer
any
site
Alzheimer’s
disease.
These
findings
indicate
current
do
not
adequate
protection.
Any
excretion
probably
indicative
tubular
injury.
In
light
evolving
realization
interaction
between
Pb,
actions
minimize
toxic
metals
imperative.
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
2020, С. 1 - 27
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2020
The
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB),
as
a
crucial
gate
of
brain-blood
molecular
exchange,
is
involved
in
the
pathogenesis
multiple
neurological
diseases.
Oxidative
stress
caused
by
an
imbalance
between
production
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
and
scavenger
system.
Since
oxidative
plays
significant
role
maintenance
BBB,
cerebrovascular
system
especially
vulnerable
to
it.
pathways
that
initiate
BBB
dysfunction
include,
but
are
not
limited
to,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
excitotoxicity,
iron
metabolism,
cytokines,
pyroptosis,
necroptosis,
all
converging
on
generation
ROS.
Interestingly,
ROS
also
provide
common
triggers
directly
regulate
damage,
parameters
including
tight
junction
(TJ)
modifications,
transporters,
matrix
metalloproteinase
(MMP)
activation,
inflammatory
responses,
autophagy.
We
will
discuss
stress-mediated
disruption
diseases,
such
hemorrhagic
stroke,
ischemic
stroke
(IS),
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
Parkinson’s
(PD),
traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI),
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS),
cerebral
small
vessel
(CSVD).
This
review
latest
clinical
evidence
potential
biomarkers
antioxidant
drugs
towards
A
deeper
understanding
how
damages
may
open
up
more
therapeutic
options
for
treatment
