The Science and Translation of Lactate Shuttle Theory

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 27(4), С. 757 - 785

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(4), С. 1819 - 1875

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2019

Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to enable the high-throughput characterization of metabolites from cells, organs, tissues, or biofluids. The rapid growth in metabolomics is leading a renewed interest metabolism and role that small molecule play many biological processes. As result, traditional views as being simply “bricks mortar” cells just fuel for cellular energetics are upended. Indeed, appear have much more varied far important roles signaling molecules, immune modulators, endogenous toxins, environmental sensors. This review explores how yielding new insights into number physiological In particular, major focus on illustrating discoveries made through improving our understanding both normal physiology pathophysiology diseases. These influence organ function, nutrient sensing, gut physiology. Collectively, this work unified system-wide perspective biology wherein metabolites, proteins, genes understood interact synergistically modify actions functions organelles, organisms.

Язык: Английский

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Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2021

The novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of disease 2019 (COVID-19). Across the globe, subset patients who sustain an SARS-CoV-2 infection are developing wide range persistent symptoms that do not resolve over course many months. These being given diagnosis Long COVID or Post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC). It is likely individual with PASC have different underlying biological factors driving their symptoms, none which mutually exclusive. This paper details mechanisms by RNA viruses beyond just be connected to long-term health consequences. also reviews literature on and other virus-initiated chronic syndromes such as post-Ebola myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS) discuss scenarios for symptom development. Potential contributors include consequences from injury one multiple organs, reservoirs in certain tissues, re-activation neurotrophic pathogens herpesviruses under conditions immune dysregulation, interactions host microbiome/virome communities, clotting/coagulation issues, dysfunctional brainstem/vagus nerve signaling, ongoing activity primed cells, autoimmunity due molecular mimicry between pathogen proteins. individualized nature suggests therapeutic approaches may required best manage care specific diagnosis.

Язык: Английский

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Gut instincts: microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 595(2), С. 489 - 503

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2016

There is a growing realisation that the gut-brain axis and its regulation by microbiota may play key role in biological physiological basis of neurodevelopmental, age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The routes communication between brain are being unravelled include vagus nerve, gut hormone signalling, immune system, tryptophan metabolism or way microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids. importance early life shaping future health outcomes also emerging. Disturbances this composition antibiotic exposure, lack breastfeeding, infection, stress environmental influences coupled with influence host genetics can result long-term effects on physiology behaviour, at least animal models. It worth noting mode delivery birth those born Caesarean section having distinctly different to per vaginum. At other extreme life, ageing associated narrowing diversity healthy correlates diverse microbiome. Recently, has been implicated variety conditions including depression, autism, schizophrenia Parkinson's disease. still considerable debate whether not changes core pathophysiology merely epiphenomenal. plausible neuropsychiatric disorders might be treated targeting either transplantation, antibiotics psychobiotics.

Язык: Английский

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Actinobacteria: A relevant minority for the maintenance of gut homeostasis

Digestive and Liver Disease, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 50(5), С. 421 - 428

Опубликована: Март 5, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Gastric cancer: a comprehensive review of current and future treatment strategies

Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 39(4), С. 1179 - 1203

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Brain-gut-microbiota axis in Parkinson's disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 21(37), С. 10609 - 10609

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2015

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by alphasynucleinopathy that affects all levels of the braingut axis including central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems.Recently, it has been recognized brain-gut interactions are significantly modulated gut microbiota via immunological, neuroendocrine, direct neural mechanisms.Dysregulation brain-gut-microbiota in PD may be associated with gastrointestinal manifestations frequently preceding motor symptoms, as well pathogenesis itself, supporting hypothesis pathological process spread from to brain.Excessive stimulation innate immune system resulting dysbiosis and/or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth increased permeability induce systemic inflammation, while activation neurons glial cells contribute initiation alpha-synuclein misfolding.Additionally, adaptive disturbed proteins cross-reacting human antigens.A better understanding brain-gutmicrobiota should bring a new insight pathophysiology permit an earlier diagnosis focus on peripheral biomarkers within system.Novel therapeutic options aimed at modifying composition enhancing epithelial barrier integrity patients could influence initial step following cascade neurodegeneration PD.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota-brain Axis

Chinese Medical Journal, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 129(19), С. 2373 - 2380

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2016

Objective: To systematically review the updated information about gut microbiota-brain axis. Data Sources: All articles axis published up to July 18, 2016, were identified through a literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, with keywords “gut microbiota”, “gut-brain axis”, “neuroscience”. Study Selection: relevant microbiota gut-brain included carefully reviewed, no limitation study design. Results: It is well-recognized that affects brain's physiological, behavioral, cognitive functions although its precise mechanism has not yet been fully understood. Gut may include their metabolic products, enteric nervous system, sympathetic parasympathetic branches within autonomic neural-immune neuroendocrine central system. Moreover, there be five communication routes between brain, including gut-brain's neural network, neuroendocrine-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, immune some neurotransmitters regulators synthesized by bacteria, barrier paths intestinal mucosal blood-brain barrier. The microbiome used define composition functional characteristics microbiota, metagenomics an appropriate technique characterize microbiota. Conclusions: refers bidirectional network which provide new way protect brain in near future.

Язык: Английский

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Role of gut microbiota and nutrients in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease

Nutrition Reviews, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 74(10), С. 624 - 634

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2016

It has been hypothesized that alterations in the composition of gut microbiota might be associated with onset certain human pathologies, such as Alzheimer disease, a neurodegenerative syndrome cerebral accumulation amyloid-β fibrils. shown bacteria populating can release significant amounts amyloids and lipopolysaccharides, which play role modulation signaling pathways production proinflammatory cytokines related to pathogenesis disease. Additionally, nutrients have affect well formation aggregation amyloid-β. This suggests modulating microbiome amyloidogenesis through specific nutritional interventions prove an effective strategy prevent or reduce risk review examines possible dissemination amyloids, regulation gut–brain axis, potential amyloidogenic properties bacteria, impact on amyloid relation

Язык: Английский

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Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer’s disease

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Май 22, 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative whose various pathophysiological aspects are still being investigated. Recently, it has been hypothesized that AD may be associated with dysbiosis of microbes in the intestine. In fact, intestinal flora able to influence activity brain and cause its dysfunctions.Given growing interest this topic, purpose review analyze role antibiotics relation gut microbiota AD. first part review, we briefly theories supporting hypothesis can pathophysiology. second part, possible these events. Antibiotics normally used remove or prevent bacterial colonization human body, without targeting specific types bacteria. As result, broad-spectrum greatly affect composition microbiota, reduce biodiversity, delay for long period after administration. Thus, action could wide even opposite, depending on type antibiotic microbiome pathogenesis.Alteration induce changes activity, which raise possibility therapeutic manipulation other neurological disorders. This field research currently undergoing great development, but applications far away. Whether achieved using not known. The future depends progresses We must understand how when bacteria act promote Once well established, one think modifications use pre-, pro-, produce effects.

Язык: Английский

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