Potential Applications and Ethical Considerations for Artificial Intelligence in Traumatic Brain Injury Management

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(11), С. 2459 - 2459

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have emerged as promising tools for rapidly identifying patterns in large amounts of healthcare data to help guide clinical decision making, well assist with medical education and the planning research studies. Accumulating evidence suggests AI techniques may be particularly useful aiding diagnosis management traumatic brain injury (TBI)—a considerably heterogeneous neurologic condition that can challenging detect treat. However, important methodological ethical concerns use medicine necessitate close monitoring regulation these advancements continue. The purpose this narrative review is provide an overview common describe recent studies on possible applications context TBI. Finally, describes challenges medicine, guidelines from White House, Department Defense (DOD), National Academies Sciences, Engineering, Medicine (NASEM), other organizations appropriate uses research.

Язык: Английский

---

Repetitive Low-Level Blast Exposure Alters Circulating Myeloperoxidase, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Neurovascular Endothelial Molecules in Experienced Military Breachers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(5), С. 1808 - 1808

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressure, frequently experienced during explosive breaching and heavy weapons use in training operations, is increasingly recognised as a serious risk the neurological health of military personnel. Although research on underlying pathobiological mechanisms humans remains limited, this study investigated effects such circulating molecular biomarkers associated with inflammation, neurovascular damage, endothelial injury. Blood samples from breachers were analysed for myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), junctional proteins indicative blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption including occludin (OCLN), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), aquaporin-4 (AQP4), syndecan-1 (SD-1). The results revealed significantly elevated levels MPO, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-10 compared unexposed controls, suggesting heightened oxidative stress, vascular Increased OCLN SD-1 further indicated BBB glycocalyx degradation breachers. These findings highlight potential chronic unit damage/dysfunction repeated underscore importance early targeted interventions-such reducing reinforcing integrity, managing inflammation-that could be essential mitigating long-term impairment exposure.

Язык: Английский

---

Characterizing Intimate Partner Violence-Related Head Trauma in Community-Recruited Women

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 8, 2025

Objective: The aim of the study was to characterize experiences intimate partner violence (IPV)-related head trauma (HT) among cisgender women. Setting: Three geographic regions across United States. Participants: Seventy-two women aged 18 60 years (mean age = 39.6 years). Design: In-depth semi-structured interviews. Main Measures: Participants completed a interview, which audio-recorded determine number and mechanisms IPV-HT injuries experienced over their lifetime. Quotes from interview transcriptions were used illustrate how participants describe episodes. Results: A total 69/72 reported at least 1 injury episode that involved IPV-HT. between 9 episodes HT during lifetimes. 240 episodes, 186 represented single, isolated injury, while 54 repetitive exposure by same mechanism(s) time. time an repeated ranged month 16 (mean: 4.72 years, standard deviation: 4.70 most frequent blunt force (41.7%) strangulation (22.1%), 22.5% multiple mechanisms. common within-person overlap ( n 21, 31%). quotes demonstrated true frequency may be unknown and/or unable recalled, highlighting challenges in capturing accurate within this population even through in-depth Conclusions: This provides important information on experience with IPV. Such findings improve our ability understand resulting IPV women, may, turn, benefit existing tools for determining probable brain injury.

Язык: Английский

---

Circulating Brain-Reactive Autoantibody Profiles in Military Breachers Exposed to Repetitive Occupational Blast

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(24), С. 13683 - 13683

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2024

Military breachers are routinely exposed to repetitive low-level blast overpressure, placing them at elevated risk for long-term neurological sequelae. Mounting evidence suggests that circulating brain-reactive autoantibodies, generated following CNS injury, may serve as both biomarkers of cumulative damage and drivers secondary neuroinflammation. In this study, we compared autoantibody profiles in military (n = 18) with extensive exposure against unexposed controls 19). Using high-sensitivity immunoassays, quantified IgG IgM autoantibodies targeting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic (MBP), pituitary (PIT) antigens. Breachers exhibited significantly levels anti-GFAP (p < 0.001) anti-PIT controls, while anti-MBP remained unchanged. No significant differences were observed any measurements. These patterns suggest induces a chronic, adaptive immune response rather than short-lived acute phase. The highlight the vulnerability astrocytes, myelin, hypothalamic–pituitary axis ongoing immune-mediated injury repeated insults, likely reflecting sustained blood–brain barrier disruption neuroinflammatory processes. Our findings underscore potential CNS-targeted brain dysregulation blast-exposed populations. Further research is warranted validate these markers larger, more diverse cohorts, explore their utility guiding interventions aimed mitigating neuroinflammation, neuroendocrine dysfunction, neurodegenerative risks personnel similarly groups.

Язык: Английский

---