Holistic system analysis of the energetic power and efficiency of animal production

Biosystems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 252, С. 105470 - 105470

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Function follows form: How cell size is harnessed for developmental decisions

European Journal of Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 102(2), С. 151312 - 151312

Опубликована: Март 23, 2023

Cell size has profound effects on biological function, influencing a wide range of processes, including biosynthetic capacity, metabolism, and nutrient uptake. As result, is typically maintained within narrow, population-specific through control mechanisms, which are an active area study. While the physiological consequences cell relatively well-characterized, less known about its developmental consequences, specifically transitions. In this review, we compare systems where linked to transitions, paying particular attention examples from plants. We conclude by proposing that can offer simple readout complex inputs, enabling flexible decisions during plant development.

Язык: Английский

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Tetraploidy as a metastable state towards malignant cell transformation within a systemic approach of cancer development

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 896, С. 503764 - 503764

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Tetraploidy, a condition in which cell has four homologous sets of chromosomes, may be natural physiological or pathophysiological such as cancer cells stress induced tetraploidisation. Its contribution to development is well known. However, among the many models proposed explain causes, mechanisms and steps malignant transformation, only few integrate tetraploidization into systemic multistep approach carcinogenesis. Therefore, we will i) describe molecular cellular characteristics tetraploidy; ii) assess stress-induced tetraploidy development; iii) situate metastable state leading cell-centered approach; iiii) consider knowledge gaps future perspectives. The available data shows that tetraploidisation/polyploidisation leads p53 stabilisation, cycle arrest, followed by senescence apoptosis, suppressing proliferation tetraploid cells. if escape G1-tetraploidy checkpoint, it lead uncontrolled cells, micronuclei induction, aneuploidy deploidisation. In addition, favors 3D-chromatin changes epigenetic effects. combined effects genetic allow expression oncogenic gene progression. Moreover, since are inducing inflammation, turn induce additional tetraploidization, tetraploidy-derived instability carcinogenic vicious cycle. concept polyploid intermediates between diploidy not new. Metastability denotes an intermediate energetic within dynamic system other than system's at least energy. Considering parallel genetic/epigenetic probable entropy levels tetraploidisation provides new development.

Язык: Английский

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Does death drive the scaling of life?

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2024

ABSTRACT The magnitude of many kinds biological structures and processes scale with organismal size, often in regular ways that can be described by power functions. Traditionally, these “biological scaling” relationships have been explained based on internal geometric, physical, energetic constraints according to universal natural laws, such as the “surface law” “3/4‐power law”. However, during last three decades it has become increasingly apparent scaling vary greatly response various external (environmental) factors. In this review, I propose provide several lines evidence supporting a new ecological perspective call “mortality theory ecology” (MorTE). According viewpoint, mortality imposes time limits growth, development, reproduction organisms. Accordingly, small, vulnerable organisms subject high due predation other environmental hazards evolved faster, shorter lives than larger, more protected A MorTE also includes corollary, size‐related causative factors (e.g. intraspecific resource competition, geometric surface area volume effects supply/transport protection tissues from hazards, homeostatic regulatory systems, incidence pathogens parasites, etc.) impact life. mortality‐centred approach successfully predicts ranges body‐mass slopes observed for traits. Furthermore, argue rate should considered ultimate (evolutionary) driver life, is expressed context proximate (functional) drivers information‐based regulation spatial (geometric) (metabolic) constraints.

Язык: Английский

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Polyploid Cancer Cell Models in Drosophila

Genes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1), С. 96 - 96

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2024

Cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes have been found in more than 90% solid tumors, and among these, polyploidy accounts for about 40%. Polyploidized cells most often duplicate centrosomes as well genomes, thus their mitosis tends to promote merotelic spindle attachments chromosomal instability, which produces a variety aneuploid daughter cells. Polyploid highly resistant various stress anticancer therapies, such radiation mitogenic inhibitors. In other words, common cancer therapies kill proliferative diploid cells, make up the majority tissues, while polyploid lurk smaller numbers, may survive. The surviving prompted by acute environmental changes, begin mitose leading explosion genetic heterogeneity concomitant cell competition adaptive evolution. result is recurrence during tenacious that survived treatment express malignant traits. Although presence tissues has observed 150 years, function exact role these progression remained elusive. For this reason, there currently no effective therapeutic directed against This due part lack suitable experimental models, but recently several models become available study vivo. We propose

Язык: Английский

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Intracellular diffusion in the cytoplasm increases with cell size in fission yeast

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2024

ABSTRACT Diffusion in the cytoplasm can greatly impact cellular processes, yet regulation of macromolecular diffusion remains poorly understood. There is increasing evidence that cell size affects density and composition cytoplasm. Here, we studied whether at scale macromolecules tens microns diameter. We analyzed diffusive motions intracellular genetically-encoded multimeric 40 nm nanoparticles (cytGEMs) fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . Using mutants, showed cytGEMs coefficients decreased smaller cells increased larger cells. This increase large may be due to a decrease DNA-to-Cytoplasm ratio, as was not affected multinucleate cytokinesis mutants. In investigating underlying causes altered diffusion, found proteomes small exhibited size-specific changes, including sub-scaling ribosomal proteins Comparison with similar dataset from human revealed features size-dependent proteome remodeling were conserved. These studies demonstrate an important parameter determining biophysical properties

Язык: Английский

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The expanding roles of myonuclei in adult skeletal muscle health and function

Biochemical Society Transactions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 52(6), С. 2603 - 2616

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024

Skeletal muscle cells (myofibers) require multiple nuclei to support a cytoplasmic volume that is larger than other mononuclear cell types. It dogmatic mammalian resident myonuclei rely on stem (specifically satellite cells) for adding new DNA fibers facilitate expansion occurs during growth. In this review, we discuss the relationship between size and supporting genetic material. We present evidence may undergo synthesis as strategy increase material in myofibers independent from cells. then describe details of our experiments demonstrated can replicate vivo. Finally, findings context expanding knowledge about myonuclear heterogeneity, mobility shape. also address why replication potentially important provide future directions remaining unknowns. Myonuclear replication, coupled with discoveries transcription, morphology, behavior response stress, opportunities leverage previously unappreciated skeletal biological processes therapeutic targets mass, function, plasticity.

Язык: Английский

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Allometries of cell and tissue anatomy and photosynthetic rate across leaves of C₃ and C₄ grasses

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 47(1), С. 156 - 173

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023

Allometric relationships among the dimensions of leaves and their cells hold across diverse eudicotyledons, but have remained untested in grasses. We hypothesised that geometric (proportional) allometries cell sizes tissues leaf would arise due to coordination development functions such as water, nutrient energy transport, be associated with light-saturated photosynthetic rate. tested predictions 27 globally distributed C3 C4 grass species grown a common garden. found positive average within tissues, dimensions. Grass anatomical were similar those eudicots, exceptions consistent fewer layers narrower form leaves, specialised roles epidermis bundle sheath storage movement. Across species, mean each tissue rate per mass, supporting functional sizes. These findings highlight generality evolutionary lineage interlinkage coordinated function.

Язык: Английский

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Constant surface area-to-volume ratio during cell growth as a design principle in mammalian cells

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2024

ABSTRACT All cells are subject to geometric constraints, such as surface area-to-volume (SA/V) ratio, that impact cell functions and force biological adaptations. Like the SA/V ratio of a sphere, it is generally assumed decreases size increases. Here, we investigate this in near-spherical mammalian using single-cell measurements mass proteins, well imaging plasma membrane morphology. We find remains surprisingly constant grow larger. This observation largely independent cycle amount growth. Consequently, growth results increased folding, which simplifies cellular design by ensuring sufficient area for division, nutrient uptake deformation at all sizes.

Язык: Английский

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Premature endocycling ofDrosophilafollicle cells causes pleiotropic defects in oogenesis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2023

Abstract Endocycling cells grow and repeatedly duplicate their genome without dividing. Cells switch from mitotic cycles to endocycles in response developmental signals during the growth of specific tissues a wide range organisms. The purpose switching endocycles, however, remains unclear many tissues. Additionally, can conditional signals, which have beneficial or pathological effects on However, impact these unscheduled development is underexplored. Here, we use Drosophila ovarian somatic follicle as model examine tissue function. Follicle normally at mid-oogenesis. Inducing prematurely resulted lethality resulting embryos. Analysis ovaries with premature cell revealed aberrant follicular epithelial structure pleiotropic defects oocyte growth, gene amplification, migration special set known border cells. Overall, findings reveal how disrupt function cause development. Summary Statement A polyploid caused oogenesis compromised female fertility, revealing new ways defects.

Язык: Английский

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