Hydrodynamics of Ciliary Systems DOI Creative Commons
David Hickey

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The interactions of cilia with one another and their environment are central to many important questions in biology. These hairlike organelles found motile immotile (or `primary') variants, have a variety roles sensing fluid pumping. Primary long been known act as chemosensors, but recent research has that also this ability, it is not what benefit conferred by combining all the complicated required molecular machinery. chemosensitive often bundles, which surprising, would expect each deplete local chemical concentration field, leading lower sensitivity per cilium. Motile synchronise produce metachronal waves, precise mechanism behind synchronisation still well understood, except hydrodynamics plays an role. In thesis, we aim make some headway answering these open questions, developing models surrounding flow. First, using both analytical computational methods, determine mass transfer individual (both primary motile) bundles cilia. We show cilium geometry alone sufficient dramatically increase chemosensitivity over chemosensors on cell surface, especially if near motion. find motility can large factor at realistic speeds, more cilium, provided they beating sufficiently quickly. then use methods focus how hydrodynamically interact another, certain beats result strongly nonreciprocal hydrodynamic give rise quickly emerging order single dominant wavevector, even finite systems. When near-field (and hence nonreciprocity interactions) suppressed, much slower multiple wavevectors seen. therefore uncovered several reasons why may be advantageously located cilia, shown beat fine-tuned strong extremely effective inducing order. This amounts significant amount evidence pointing potential answers

Язык: Английский

Bioelectric control of locomotor gaits in the walking ciliate Euplotes DOI Creative Commons
Hannah Laeverenz-Schlogelhofer, Kirsty Y. Wan

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(4), С. 697 - 709.e6

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Diverse animal species exhibit highly stereotyped behavioral actions and locomotor sequences as they explore their natural environments. In many such cases, the neural basis of behavior is well established, where dedicated circuitry contributes to initiation regulation certain response sequences. At microscopic scale, single-celled eukaryotes (protists) also remarkably complex behaviors yet are completely devoid nervous systems. Here, address question how single cells control behavior, we study patterning in exemplary hypotrich ciliate Euplotes, a polarized cell, which actuates large number leg-like appendages called cirri (each bundle ∼25-50 cilia) swim fluids or walk on surfaces. As it navigates its surroundings, walking Euplotes cell routinely observed perform side-stepping reactions, one most sophisticated maneuvers ever organism. These spontaneous reorientation events involving transient fast backward motion followed by turn. Combining high-speed imaging with simultaneous time-resolved electrophysiological recordings, show that this coordinated sequence tightly regulated rapid membrane depolarization events, orchestrate activity different cell. Using machine learning computer vision methods, map detailed measurements dynamics cell's bioelectrical activity, revealing differential front back cirri. We integrate these minimal model understand Euplotes-a unicellular organism-manipulates potential achieve real-time over motor apparatus.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

8
Basal bodies bend in response to ciliary forces DOI
Anthony D. Junker, Louis G. Woodhams, Adam W. J. Soh

и другие.

Molecular Biology of the Cell, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(14)

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2022

It is found that basal bodies bend in coordination with the motile ciliary beating pattern. Environmental temperature, waveform, and each intra- interbasal body connection differentially impact patterns of bending that, turn, affect beating.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

20
Nonreciprocal interactions give rise to fast cilium synchronization in finite systems DOI Creative Commons
David Hickey, Ramin Golestanian, Andrej Vilfan

и другие.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(40)

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2023

Motile cilia beat in an asymmetric fashion order to propel the surrounding fluid. When many are located on a surface, their beating can synchronize such that phases form metachronal waves. Here, we computationally study model where each cilium is represented as spherical particle, moving along tilted trajectory with position-dependent active driving force and internal drag coefficient. The thus takes into account all essential broken symmetries of ciliary beat. We show taking near-field hydrodynamic interactions, effective coupling between even over entire cycle become nonreciprocal: phase more strongly affected by adjacent one side than at same distance opposite direction. As result, synchronization starts from seed edge group propagates rapidly across system, leading time scales proportionally linear dimension system. carpet characterized three different velocities: velocity fluid transport, waves, propagation. Unlike systems reciprocal coupling, boundary effects not detrimental for synchronization, but rather enable formation initial seed.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

13
Biomimetic Synchronization in Biciliated Robots DOI
Yiming Xia,

Zixian Hu,

Da Wei

и другие.

Physical Review Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 133(4)

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024

Direct mechanical coupling is known to be critical for establishing synchronization among cilia. However, the actual role of connections still elusive-partly because controlled experiments in living samples are challenging. Here, we employ an artificial ciliary system address this issue. Two cilia formed by chains self-propelling robots and anchored a shared base so that they purely mechanically coupled. The mimics biological beating but allows fine control over dynamics. With different schemes coupling, exhibit rich motility patterns. Particularly, their synchronous display two distinct modes-analogous those observed C. reinhardtii, biciliated model organism studying synchronization. Close examination suggests evolves towards most dissipative mode. Using guideline both simulations experiments, able direct into desired state altering modes' respective dissipation. Our results have significant implications understanding

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
A ternary complex of MIPs in the A-tubule of basal bodies and axonemes depends on RIB22 and the EF-hand domain of RIB72A in Tetrahymena cilia DOI
Rachel A. Howard-Till, Sam Li,

Usha Pallabi Kar

и другие.

Molecular Biology of the Cell, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 36(4)

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

The lumens of the highly stable microtubules that make up core basal bodies, cilia, and flagella are coated with a network proteins known as MIPs, or microtubule inner proteins. MIPs hypothesized to enhance rigidity stability these microtubules, but how they assemble contribute cilia function is poorly understood. Here we describe ciliate specific MIP, RIB22, in Tetrahymena thermophila. RIB22 calmodulin-like protein found A-tubule doublet triplet bodies. Its localization dependent on conserved MIP RIB72. use cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) examine its interacting partners axonemes forms ternary complex C-terminal EF-hand domain RIB72A another FAM166A. strains lacking showed impaired function. CryoET from demonstrated an interdependence three for stabilization within structure. Deletion resulted apparent loss multiple region. These findings emphasize intricacy importance understanding MIPs’ functions during cilium assembly regulation.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Mechanisms and functions of multiciliary coordination DOI Creative Commons
Kirsty Y. Wan, Rebecca N. Poon

Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 86, С. 102286 - 102286

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2023

Ciliated organisms are present in virtually every branch of the eukaryotic tree life. In diverse systems, cilia operate a coordinated manner to drive fluid flows, or even propel entire organisms. How do groups motile coordinate their activity within cell across tissue fulfil essential functions life? this review, we highlight latest developments our understanding mechanisms and multiciliary coordination systems. We explore new emerging trends bioimaging, analytical, computational methods, which together with application model have conspired deliver important insights into one most fundamental questions cellular dynamics.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6
Near-field hydrodynamic interactions determine travelling wave directions of collectively beating cilia DOI
Ziqi Cheng, Andrej Vilfan, Yanting Wang

и другие.

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(217)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

Cilia can beat collectively in the form of a metachronal wave, and we investigate how near-field hydrodynamic interactions between cilia influence collective response beating cilia. Based on theoretical framework developed work Meng et al . (Meng 2021 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118 , e2102828118), find that first harmonic mode driving force acting each individual cilium determine direction wave after considering finite size trajectories, which is confirmed by our agent-based numerical simulations. The stable patterns, e.g. travelling direction, be controlled forces cilia, based one change flow field generated This not only help to understand role behaviours but also guide future designs artificial desired dynamic mode.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Unicellular Organisms with Versatile Solutions at the Micro‐Scale: Functional Materials and Principles in Ciliates DOI Creative Commons
Lennart Dörr, J. Kohl, Michael Schweikert

и другие.

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 34(35)

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2023

Abstract Nature's diversity offers an abundance of promising solutions for novel bioinspired functional materials and systems. In particular, single‐celled organisms exhibit material properties that are realized at the nano‐ micro‐scales. Ciliates ubiquitous unicellular eukaryotes well‐adapted to a wide range environmental conditions. They have developed large variety interesting highly specialized characteristics with unique design. this review, background selected ciliate is highlighted respect structure‐function relationships. Hierarchically complex mineralized structures, efficient sensors movement protection, shape‐memory as well survival detoxification strategies be emphasized. Proposed future applications these ciliates expand possibilities more sustainable development processes.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3
Perspectives on Principles of Cellular Behavior from the Biophysics of Protists DOI Creative Commons
Ben T. Larson

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63(6), С. 1405 - 1421

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2023

Cells are the fundamental unit of biological organization. Although it may be easy to think them as little more than simple building blocks complex organisms such animals, single cells capable behaviors remarkable apparent sophistication. This is abundantly clear when considering diversity form and function among microbial eukaryotes, protists. How might we navigate this in search for general principles cellular behavior? Here, review cases which intensive study protists from perspective biophysics has driven insight into broad questions morphogenesis, navigation motility, decision making. We argue that applying approaches evolutionary cell biology presents rich, emerging opportunities. Integrating expanding biophysical studies across protist diversity, exploiting unique characteristics each organism, will enrich our understanding underlying principles.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
SMORES: A Simple Microfluidic Operating Room for the Examination and Surgery ofStentor coeruleus DOI Creative Commons
Kevin Zhang, Ramón Rodríguez, Sindy K. Y. Tang

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024

ABSTRACT Ciliates are powerful unicellular model organisms that have been used to elucidate fundamental biological processes. However, the high motility of ciliates presents a major challenge in studies using live-cell microscopy and microsurgery. While various immobilization methods developed, they physiologically disruptive cell incompatible with and/or Here, we describe Simple Microfluidic Operating Room for Examination Surgery Stentor coeruleus (SMORES). SMORES uses Quake valve-based microfluidics trap, compress, perform surgery on as our ciliate. Compared previous methods, by physical compression is more effective uniform. The mean velocity compressed cells 24 times less than uncompressed cells. minimally easily applied or removed 3D-printed pressure rig. We demonstrate up 2 hours without sacrificing viability. compatible confocal capable media exchange pharmacokinetic studies. Finally, modular design allows laser ablation mechanical dissection into many fragments at once. These capabilities expected enable previously impossible other motile species.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0