Genes,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(11), С. 1472 - 1472
Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2024
The
evolution
of
complex
multicellularity
in
land
plants
represents
a
pivotal
event
the
history
life
on
Earth,
characterized
by
significant
increases
biological
complexity.
This
transition,
classified
as
Major
Evolutionary
Transition
(MET),
is
best
understood
through
framework
Transitions
Individuality
(ETIs),
which
focuses
formerly
independent
entities
forming
higher-level
units
that
lose
their
reproductive
autonomy.
While
much
ETI
literature
has
concentrated
early
stages
multicellularity,
such
formation
and
maintenance
stages,
this
paper
seeks
to
address
less
explored
transformation
stage.
To
do
so,
we
apply
an
approach
call
Structural
Complexity
(TSCs),
emergence
new
organization
via
three
key
evolutionary
processes
modularization,
subfunctionalization,
integration
plants.
lay
groundwork,
first
explore
relationships
between
sex,
individuality,
selection
highlight
sexual
cycle-based
perspective
ETIs
examining
transition
(formation)
cycle
unicellular
common
ancestor
plants,
emphasizing
differences
eumetazoans
We
then
directly
TSC
group,
identifying
events
distinct
innovations
like
shoot,
root,
vascular
systems,
specialized
structures,
arguing
bringing
these
under
broader
rubric
TSCs
affords
degree
explanatory
unification.
By
processes,
provides
highlighting
both
parallels
distinctions
with
animal
kingdom.
Auxin,
indole-3-acetic
acid
(IAA),
is
a
key
phytohormone
with
diverse
morphogenic
roles
in
land
plants,
but
its
function
and
transport
mechanisms
algae
remain
poorly
understood.
We
therefore
aimed
to
explore
the
role
of
IAA
complex,
streptophyte
Chara
braunii.
Here,
we
described
novel
responses
C.
braunii
characterized
two
homologs
PIN
auxin
efflux
carriers:
CbPINa
CbPINc.
determined
their
localization
using
epitope-specific
antibodies
tested
heterologous
plant
models.
Further,
phosphoproteomic
analysis,
identified
IAA-induced
phosphorylation
events.
The
thallus
regeneration
assay
showed
that
promotes
elongation
side
branch
development.
Immunolocalization
CbPINc
confirmed
presence
on
plasma
membrane
vegetative
generative
cells
However,
functional
assays
tobacco
BY-2
demonstrated
affects
transport,
whereas
does
not.
effective
acceleration
cytoplasmic
streaming
evolutionary
conserved
targets
such
as
homolog
RAF-like
kinase.
These
findings
suggest
that,
although
canonical
PIN-mediated
might
not
be
fully
Chara,
involved
morphogenesis
fast
signaling
processes.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
379(1914)
Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2024
Phenolic
compounds
of
land
plants
are
varied:
they
chemodiverse,
sourced
from
different
biosynthetic
routes
and
fulfil
a
broad
spectrum
functions
that
range
signalling
phytohormones,
to
protective
shields
against
stressors,
structural
compounds.
Their
action
defines
the
biology
as
we
know
it.
Often,
their
roles
tied
environmental
responses
that,
however,
impacted
already
algal
progenitors
plants,
streptophyte
algae.
Indeed,
many
algae
successfully
dwell
in
terrestrial
habitats
have
homologues
for
enzymatic
production
important
phenolic
compounds,
such
phenylpropanoid
pathway.
Here,
synthesize
what
is
known
about
specialized
across
hundreds
millions
years
evolution.
We
propose
an
evolutionary
scenario
which
selective
pressures
borne
out
cues
shaped
chemodiversity
phenolics
streptophytes.
This
article
part
theme
issue
‘The
evolution
plant
metabolism’.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
291(2027)
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024
Land
plants
(embryophytes)
came
about
in
a
momentous
evolutionary
singularity:
plant
terrestrialization.
This
event
marks
not
only
the
conquest
of
land
by
but
also
massive
radiation
embryophytes
into
diverse
array
novel
forms
and
functions.
The
unique
suite
traits
present
earliest
is
thought
to
have
been
ushered
burst
genomic
novelty.
Here,
we
asked
question
how
these
bursts
were
possible.
For
this,
explored:
(i)
initial
emergence
(ii)
reshuffling
domains
give
rise
hallmark
environmental
response
genes
plants.
We
pinpoint
that
quarter
embryophytic
for
stress
physiology
are
specific
lineage,
yet
significant
portion
this
novelty
arises
de
novo
from
recombining
pre-existing
domains.
Our
data
suggest
combinations
old
substrate
shaped
terrestrialization
toolkit,
including
processes
signalling,
biotic
interactions
specialized
metabolism.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2024
Abstract
The
role
of
auxin
indole-3-acetic
acid
(IAA),
a
phytohormone
with
numerous
morphogenic
functions,
is
now
well-established
in
land
plants.
Although
the
IAA
and
its
transport
algae
remains
unclear,
PIN-driven
export
probably
an
ancient
conserved
trait
within
Streptophytes.
Among
streptophyte
algae,
Chara
represents
genus
considerable
degree
complexity
body
arrangement.
This
study
investigates
response
characterizes
homologs
plant
PIN
efflux
carriers
braunii
.
Through
regeneration
experiments,
we
observed
that
significantly
promotes
elongation
thallus
side
branch
development
upon
tip
decapitation,
indicating
effect
on
morphogenesis.
We
show
actively
uptaken
metabolized
by
cells
this
process
influenced
N-1-naphthylphthalamic
(NPA).
To
elucidate
underlying
mechanisms,
cloned
sequenced
most
expressed
PINs,
CbPINa
CbPINc.
Using
epitope-specific
antibodies,
showed
their
presence
plasma
membrane
(PM)
vegetative
internodal
generative
antheridial
cells.
Functional
tests
tobacco
BY-2
cells,
supported
silico
docking
NPA
to
CbPINc,
PM-localized
interferes
contrast
ER-localized
Finally,
our
phosphoproteome
analysis
indicated
rapidly
induces
specific
phosphorylation
events,
including
RAF-like
kinase
phosphorylation,
highlighting
potential
for
fast
signaling
processes
braunii.
Altogether,
provide
new
insights
into
morphogenesis
suggest
while
canonical
mechanism
may
not
be
conserved,
still
likely
play
rapid
pathways
close
relative
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
379(1914)
Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2024
The
special
issue
‘The
evolution
of
plant
metabolism’
has
brought
together
original
research,
reviews
and
opinions
that
cover
various
aspects
from
the
full
breath
metabolism
including
its
interaction
with
environment
other
species.
Here,
we
briefly
summarize
these
efforts
attempts
to
extract
a
consensus
opinion
best
manner
in
which
tackle
this
subject
both
now
future.
This
article
is
part
theme
metabolism’.
ABSTRACT
Land
plants
originated
from
an
algal
ancestor
∼500
million
years
ago
in
one
of
the
most
important
evolutionary
events
for
life
on
Earth.
Extant
streptophyte
algae,
their
closest
living
relatives,
have
subsequently
received
much
attention
to
better
understand
this
major
transition.
Streptophyte
algae
occupy
many
different
environments,
diverse
genomes
and
display
contrasting
morphologies
(e.g.
unicellular,
filamentous,
three-dimensional).
This
has
historically
made
inferring
these
challenging.
A
Year
at
Forefront
Review
focusses
research
published
between
July
2023
June
2024
intends
provide
a
short
overview
recent
discoveries,
innovations,
resources,
hypotheses
regarding
evolution.
work
provided
mechanistic
insights
into
ancient
that
prefigured
origin
land
raises
new
questions
future
algae.
