Long-term cognitive and autonomic effects of COVID-19 in young adults: a cross-sectional study at 28 months

Annals of Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 57(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had profound global impacts since its emergence in late 2019. Whilst acute symptoms are well-documented, increasing evidence suggests long-term consequences extending beyond the phase. This study aimed to investigate cognitive and autonomic effects of young adults. We conducted a cross-sectional comparing adults with history (n = 34) matched controls 34). Cognitive function was assessed using Sternberg Task, Stroop Go/No-Go Task (GNG). Autonomic evaluated heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. average time interval between infection testing 28.2 months. group showed significantly increased reaction 2-item absent condition (p 0.044) errors 4-item present 0.012) neutral response 0.028) normalized for completing task 0.022) Task. No significant differences were found GNG HRV parameters did not differ groups, although trends toward higher overall observed group. Young who approximately 28 months ago show minimal impact on regulation. However, subtle inefficiencies persist, particularly working memory executive tasks. These findings suggest generally favorable prognosis following mild moderate but highlight need further investigation into persistent effects.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 related complications

Progress in molecular biology and translational science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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STatin TReatment for COVID-19 to Optimise NeuroloGical recovERy (STRONGER): study protocol for a randomised, open label clinical trial in patients with persistent neurological symptoms after COVID-19 infection

BMJ Open, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(4), С. e089382 - e089382

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Introduction Increasing awareness of the high frequency, wide spectrum and disabling nature symptoms that can persist following COVID-19 infection has prompted investigation management strategies. Our study aims to determine effectiveness atorvastatin on cognitive function, physical activity, mood, health-related quality life features neurovascular impairment neuroinflammation in adults with ongoing neurological after infection. Methods analysis The STatin TReatment for Optimise NeuroloGical recovERy is an international, investigator-initiated conducted, multicentre, prospective, randomised, open label, blinded endpoint trial fixed time points outcome assessments. A total 410 participants long covid were planned be randomly assigned either intervention group receive 40 mg 12 months or a control no treatment, top usual care. Ethics dissemination This protocol was designed, implemented reported, accordance International Conference Harmonisation guidelines Good Clinical Practice, National Health Medical Research Council Australia, Statement Ethical Conduct Human ethical principles laid down World Association Declaration Helsinki. Central ethics committee approval obtained from Sydney Local District Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (No: X21-0113 2021/ETH00777 10) Australia. Site-specific approvals elsewhere before any local activities. All provided written informed consent. Trial registration number registered at Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT04904536 ).

Язык: Английский

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Long COVID in 2025: a clinical viewpoint

Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 123633 - 123633

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Long COVID and the Brain: A Retrospective Study of the Neuropsychological Manifestations of Long COVID

COVID, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(5), С. 65 - 65

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2025

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and impact neuropsychological symptoms related long COVID syndrome better understand, characterize, treat symptoms. Methods: A retrospective chart review performed utilizing de-identified patient data obtained from UConn Health’s Long Clinic Recovery Center within Department Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine in Farmington, CT between March 2020 August 2022. total 155 patients were included, collected via standardized questionnaires. These included a systems, followed by physical examination further diagnostic testing treatment as indicated. Results: Of patients, many female (females n = 102 versus males 53) more than 60% 41 60 years age. This despite higher hospitalization rates (n 24, 45.3%) those over age 71 7, 70.0%). Most did report experiencing attributed syndrome, which unfortunately not correlate with modalities such brain imaging most cases. Conclusions: In aftermath COVID-19 pandemic, have been left lingering now defined syndrome. Our highlights extent neuropsychiatric symptom burden setting Pathophysiological mechanisms development certain cohorts are well understood, believed be secondary immune system dysregulation leading chronic inflammation.

Язык: Английский

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Long-term cognitive functioning following COVID-19: Negligible neuropsychological changes over time

The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 19

Опубликована: Май 2, 2025

Objective: Objective cognitive impairment has been shown in a minority of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and longitudinal studies with relatively long follow-up duration are scarce. We sought to investigate the presence long-term change objective functioning. Method: Forty-six initially (18 ± 19 days) survivors (male/female: 30/16; age: 61 11) underwent extensive neuropsychological assessment (including performance validity) approximately 1 (T1) 2.5 years (T2) post-infection. Cognitive domains assessed were: memory, attention, executive functioning, processing speed, language (n = 14 (sub)tests). used normative data derive age, sex, education-adjusted T-scores (T ≤ 35 [≤-1.5SD], deficit cut-off). Repeated measures AN(C)OVAs were functioning over time. Results: Mean tests) was within normal range at both timepoints, number individuals deficits ranged from 0-20% (T1), 2-22% (T2). Number subjective complaints remained unchanged. A (17%) showed on ≥2 tests post-infection, but not consistently one domain. Longitudinal analyses total sample improvement time phonemic fluency (p<.001), stable all other tests, independent prior comorbidities, complaints, depressive symptoms, ICU admission. Conclusions: There no consistent or major disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection majority cases. Neuropsychological essentially unchanged Future larger necessary unravel COVID-19-related phenotypes persisting how these can be modulated.

Язык: Английский

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AI-based decoding of long covid cognitive impairments in mice using automated behavioral system and comparative transcriptomic analysis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 15, 2025

Long COVID (LC) following SARS-CoV-2 infection affects millions of individuals world-wide and manifests with a variety symptoms including cognitive dysfunction also known as "brain fog". This is characterized by difficulties in executive functions, planning, decision-making, working memory, impairments complex attention, loss ability to learn new skills perform sophisticated brain tasks. No effective treatment options currently exist for LC-related dysfunction. Here, we use the IntelliCage, which an automated tracking system mice, measuring each mouse within group tasks that mimic human behaviors, such flexibility, memory. Artificial intelligence machine learning analyses data classified LC mice into distinct behavioral categories from non-infected control permitting precise identification quantification controlled, replicable manner. Importantly, find brains exhibit transcriptomic alterations similar those observed humans suffering impairments, altered expression genes involved learning, synaptic neurotransmitters Together, our findings establish validated murine model unbiased approach study first time, providing valuable tool screening potential treatments therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Post COVID-19 Conditions and Neurocognitive Impairment—Current Findings and Clinical Implications

Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 9(2), С. 25 - 25

Опубликована: Май 22, 2025

Despite the increasing evidence of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in patients suffering from post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC), interplay between patient-reported symptoms and objective findings remains poorly characterized. Valid diagnostic tests sufficient treatment strategies are lacking. We conducted a narrative perspective synthesis current NCI, standardized assessments (e.g., MoCA, PCCIS), their association with inflammatory parameters. highlighted on discrepancy subjective versus objectively measured impairment. The “subjectivity-objectivity-gap” may contribute to patient stigmatization, impair therapy adherence be associated suboptimal clinical outcome. Although established multimodal interventions, such as cognitive rehabilitation, psychoeducation, group therapy, pharmacotherapy—show preliminary efficacy, compromised when experiences NCI invalidated. summarized state literature regarding demographic risk factors advanced age, lower education, neuropsychiatric comorbidities possible underlying role persistent neuroinflammation PCC. This emphasizes need for evidence-based algorithms that integrate both explicitly addressing stigmatization. Future research should focus neurobiological basis discrepant incorporate these guidelines.

Язык: Английский

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The Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Dysfunction in Long COVID: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(11), С. 5102 - 5102

Опубликована: Май 26, 2025

Cognitive dysfunction represents one of the most persistent and disabling features Long COVID, yet its molecular underpinnings remain incompletely understood. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on pathophysiological mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to long-term neurocognitive sequelae. Key processes include neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, endothelial dysfunction, immune dysregulation, neuroendocrine imbalance. Microglial activation cytokine release (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α) promote synaptic neuronal injury, while inflammasomes such as NLRP3 amplifies CNS inflammation. Vascular abnormalities, including microthrombosis BBB leakage, facilitate infiltration peripheral cells neurotoxic mediators. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis reduced vagal tone further exacerbate systemic inflammation autonomic Biomarkers GFAP, NFL, S100B have been associated with both neuroinflammation cognitive symptoms. Notably, transcriptomic signatures in COVID overlap those observed Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting shared pathways involving tau oxidative stress, glial reactivity. Understanding these is critical for identifying at-risk individuals developing targeted therapeutic strategies. underscores need longitudinal research integrative biomarker analysis elucidate trajectory impairment COVID.

Язык: Английский

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A Step Forward in Long COVID Research: Validating the Post-COVID Cognitive Impairment Scale

European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(12), С. 3001 - 3018

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, includes a variety enduring symptoms that endure beyond the acute phase illness, impacting multiple facets patients’ psychological and physical health. The persistent encompass fatigue, breathing difficulties, musculoskeletal pain, cognitive impairments, which can significantly affect daily functioning overall quality life. objective this study was to create validate accuracy Post-COVID Cognitive Impairment Scale, is used evaluate impairments resulting from COVID-19 infection. This conducted in Iran between January September 2023. It consisted three phases: developing scale, evaluating its content validity with experts, validating structure 454 participants using exploratory confirmatory factor analysis. analysis revealed two variables, namely memory attention, accounted for 40.38% variation. Confirmatory verified model’s fit, indices indicating satisfactory alignment: CMIN/DF = 2.80, RMSEA 0.06, SRMR 0.05, CFI 0.93, TLI 0.92. loadings were statistically significant (p < 0.001), Cronbach’s Alpha values indicated strong internal consistency (working 0.81, attention 0.80). These results affirm Scale valid reliable instrument deficiencies individuals long COVID. Its application clinical research environments aids prompt detection tracking treatment such impairments.

Язык: Английский

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