Abstract
The
easiest
and
often
most
useful
way
to
work
with
experimentally
determined
or
computationally
predicted
structures
of
biomolecules
is
by
viewing
their
three‐dimensional
(3D)
shapes
using
a
molecular
visualization
tool.
Mol*
was
collaboratively
developed
RCSB
Protein
Data
Bank
(RCSB
PDB,
RCSB.org
)
in
Europe
(PDBe,
PDBe.org
as
an
open‐source,
web‐based,
3D
software
suite
for
examination
analyses
biostructures.
It
capable
displaying
atomic
coordinates
related
experimental
data
biomolecular
together
variety
annotations,
facilitating
basic
applied
research,
training,
education,
information
dissemination.
Across
,
the
PDB
research‐focused
web
portal,
has
been
implemented
support
single‐mouse‐click
atomic‐level
(e.g.,
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
carbohydrates)
bound
cofactors,
small‐molecule
ligands,
ions,
water
molecules,
other
macromolecules.
can
seamlessly
display
from
various
sources,
allowing
structure
interrogation,
superimposition,
comparison.
Using
influenza
A
H5N1
virus
topical
case
study
important
pathogen,
we
exemplify
how
embedded
within
tools—allowing
users
view
polymer
sequence
structure‐based
annotations
integrated
trusted
bioinformatics
resources,
assess
patterns
trends
groups
structures,
any
size
compositional
complexity.
In
addition
being
linked
every
biostructure
Computed
Structure
Model
made
available
at
Standalone
freely
visualizing
multi‐scale
rcsb.org/3d-view
.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
TnpB
is
an
evolutionarily
diverse
family
of
RNA-guided
endonucleases
associated
with
prokaryotic
transposons.
Due
to
their
small
size
and
putative
evolutionary
relationship
Cas12s,
holds
significant
potential
for
genome
editing
mechanistic
exploration.
However,
most
TnpBs
lack
robust
gene-editing
activity,
unbiased
profiling
mutational
effects
on
activity
has
not
been
experimentally
explored.
Here,
we
mapped
comprehensive
sequence-function
landscapes
a
ribonucleoprotein
discovered
many
activating
mutations
in
both
the
protein
RNA.
Single-position
changes
RNA
outperform
existing
variants,
highlighting
utility
systematic
scaffold
mutagenesis.
Leveraging
landscape
protein,
identified
enhanced
variants
from
combinatorial
library
mutations.
These
increased
human
cells
N.
benthamiana
by
over
two-fold
fifty-fold
relative
wild-type
TnpB,
respectively.
In
total,
this
study
highlights
unknown
elements
critical
regulation
endonuclease
RNA,
reveals
surprising
amount
latent
accessible
through
mutation.
Abstract
Background
Almost
10%
of
all
known
animal
species
belong
to
Lepidoptera:
moths
and
butterflies.
To
understand
how
this
incredible
diversity
evolved
we
assess
the
role
gene
gain
in
driving
early
lepidopteran
evolution.
Here,
compared
complete
genomes
115
insect
species,
including
99
Lepidoptera,
search
for
novel
genes
coincident
with
emergence
Lepidoptera.
Results
We
find
217
orthogroups
or
families
which
emerged
on
branch
leading
Lepidoptera;
these
177
likely
arose
by
duplication
followed
extensive
sequence
divergence,
2
are
candidates
origin
horizontal
transfer,
38
have
no
homology
outside
Lepidoptera
possibly
via
de
novo
genesis.
focus
two
new
that
conserved
across
underwent
duplication,
suggesting
important
roles
biology.
One
encodes
a
family
sugar
ion
transporter
molecules,
potentially
involved
evolution
diverse
feeding
behaviours
The
second
unusual
propeller-shaped
proteins
originated
transfer
from
Spiroplasma
bacteria;
name
propellin
genes.
Conclusion
provide
first
insights
into
genetic
novelty
This
gives
insight
rate
during
order
as
well
providing
context
mechanisms
origin.
describe
examples
were
retained
duplicated
further
their
importance
Abstract
The
easiest
and
often
most
useful
way
to
work
with
experimentally
determined
or
computationally
predicted
structures
of
biomolecules
is
by
viewing
their
three‐dimensional
(3D)
shapes
using
a
molecular
visualization
tool.
Mol*
was
collaboratively
developed
RCSB
Protein
Data
Bank
(RCSB
PDB,
RCSB.org
)
in
Europe
(PDBe,
PDBe.org
as
an
open‐source,
web‐based,
3D
software
suite
for
examination
analyses
biostructures.
It
capable
displaying
atomic
coordinates
related
experimental
data
biomolecular
together
variety
annotations,
facilitating
basic
applied
research,
training,
education,
information
dissemination.
Across
,
the
PDB
research‐focused
web
portal,
has
been
implemented
support
single‐mouse‐click
atomic‐level
(e.g.,
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
carbohydrates)
bound
cofactors,
small‐molecule
ligands,
ions,
water
molecules,
other
macromolecules.
can
seamlessly
display
from
various
sources,
allowing
structure
interrogation,
superimposition,
comparison.
Using
influenza
A
H5N1
virus
topical
case
study
important
pathogen,
we
exemplify
how
embedded
within
tools—allowing
users
view
polymer
sequence
structure‐based
annotations
integrated
trusted
bioinformatics
resources,
assess
patterns
trends
groups
structures,
any
size
compositional
complexity.
In
addition
being
linked
every
biostructure
Computed
Structure
Model
made
available
at
Standalone
freely
visualizing
multi‐scale
rcsb.org/3d-view
.