Single-Cell Analysis of Sex and Gender Differences in the Human Brain During Development and Disease DOI Creative Commons
Aura Zelco, Anagha Joshi

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 45(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Abstract Sex and gender (SG) differences in the human brain are of interest to society science as numerous processes impacted by them, including development, behavior, diseases. By collecting publicly available single-cell data from in-utero elderly age healthy, Alzheimer’s disease multiple sclerosis samples, we identified characterized SG-biased genes ten cell types across 9 groups. transcriptome were present throughout lifespan all types. Although there was limited overlap among different groups, observed significant functional overlap. Female-biased consistently enriched for brain-related processes, while male-biased metabolic pathways. Additionally, mitochondrial showed a consistent female bias We also found that androgen response elements (not estrogen) significantly both male- female-biased genes, thymosin hormone targets being only genes. systematically characterised SG development disorders at level, analysing total 419,885 single nuclei 161 samples (72 females, 89 males). The enrichment suggests androgens important regulators likely establishing these differences. Finally, provide full characterization thresholds scientific community web resource. Graphical Summary sex cortex transcriptome. After stratification type developmental stage, Comprehensive analysis resulted main findings; gene up-regulation, presence ARE binding sites DEGs sexes, other than hormones, such thymosin. Our findings (highlighted orange) further extend traditional model green). motif (split two lines) obtained via HOmo sapiens COmprehensive MOdel COllection ( version 12 ). elements.

Язык: Английский

Single-Cell Analysis of Sex and Gender Differences in the Human Brain During Development and Disease DOI Creative Commons
Aura Zelco, Anagha Joshi

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 45(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Abstract Sex and gender (SG) differences in the human brain are of interest to society science as numerous processes impacted by them, including development, behavior, diseases. By collecting publicly available single-cell data from in-utero elderly age healthy, Alzheimer’s disease multiple sclerosis samples, we identified characterized SG-biased genes ten cell types across 9 groups. transcriptome were present throughout lifespan all types. Although there was limited overlap among different groups, observed significant functional overlap. Female-biased consistently enriched for brain-related processes, while male-biased metabolic pathways. Additionally, mitochondrial showed a consistent female bias We also found that androgen response elements (not estrogen) significantly both male- female-biased genes, thymosin hormone targets being only genes. systematically characterised SG development disorders at level, analysing total 419,885 single nuclei 161 samples (72 females, 89 males). The enrichment suggests androgens important regulators likely establishing these differences. Finally, provide full characterization thresholds scientific community web resource. Graphical Summary sex cortex transcriptome. After stratification type developmental stage, Comprehensive analysis resulted main findings; gene up-regulation, presence ARE binding sites DEGs sexes, other than hormones, such thymosin. Our findings (highlighted orange) further extend traditional model green). motif (split two lines) obtained via HOmo sapiens COmprehensive MOdel COllection ( version 12 ). elements.

Язык: Английский

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