The evolutionary consequences of human–wildlife conflict in cities

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 14(1), С. 178 - 197

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2020

Human-wildlife interactions, including human-wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter wildlife. Wildlife-vehicle collisions, zoonotic disease transmission, property damage, and physical attacks or their pets have negative consequences both wildlife, underscoring the need comprehensive strategies that mitigate prevent conflict altogether. Management techniques often aim deter, relocate, remove individual organisms, all of which may present a significant selective force in urban nonurban systems. Management-induced selection significantly affect adaptive nonadaptive evolutionary processes populations, yet few studies explicate links among wildlife management, evolution. Moreover, intensity management can vary considerably by taxon, public perception, policy, religious cultural beliefs, geographic region, underscores complexity developing flexible tools reduce conflict. Here, we cross-disciplinary perspective integrates evolution address how social-ecological drive adaptation cities. We emphasize variance implemented actions shapes strength rate phenotypic change. also consider specific either promote genetic plastic changes, leveraging those biological inferences could help optimize while minimizing Investigating an phenomenon provide insights into arises plays critical role shaping phenotypes.

Язык: Английский

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Food availability limits avian reproduction in the city: An experimental study on great tits Parus major

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 89(7), С. 1570 - 1580

Опубликована: Май 17, 2020

Abstract The altered ecological and environmental conditions in towns cities strongly affect demographic traits of urban animal populations, for example avian reproductive success is often reduced. Previous work suggests that this partly driven by low insect availability during the breeding season, but robust experimental evidence supports food limitation hypothesis not yet available. We tested core predictions using a controlled experiment provided supplementary (nutritionally enhanced mealworms supplied daily to meet 40%–50% each supplemented brood's requirements) great tit nestlings forest habitats. measured parental provisioning rates estimated amount consumed control nestlings, assessed their body size survival rates. Provisioning were similar across habitats broods, (and control) broods large quantities food. As predicted we found (a) had smaller nestling than those broods; (b) rates; (c) larger crucially (d) broods. Our results provide rare support strong negative effects rearing period on birds' success. Furthermore, fact almost completely eliminated habitat differences rate suggest stressors other shortage contributed relatively little reduced Finally, given impacts taking clutch into account, our populations study system would need be increased factor at least 2.5 tits have

Язык: Английский

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A fat chance of survival: Body condition provides life-history dependent buffering of environmental change in a wild mammal population

Climate Change Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2, С. 100022 - 100022

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2021

Environmental change often causes decreased food availability and/or increased foraging costs, putting wild animals at risk of starvation. Body-fat reserves can enable individuals to resist (buffer) periods weather-driven scarcity, improving their chances survival and subsequent reproductive success. This capacity, however, is constrained by life-history factors fixed long-term differences between individuals. Here, we use 29 years data from a population European badgers (Meles meles) test how weather density affect individual body condition indices (BCIs), BCI mediates rate success, whether phenotypes (fat vs. thin) provide advantages. Maintaining above certain threshold was key (reflecting nonlinear relationship), especially when temperatures varied more seasons (requiring greater tactical adjustments) following excessive rainfall (causing thermoregulative stress). also affected strongly in older Female success linearly with autumn BCI, consistently fatter (of both sexes) had higher lifetime success; substantial intra-individual body-condition variation remained after accounting for factors, 84% substantially year year. Modelling responses according projected climate through 2080 (Emissions Scenario RCP 8.5) revealed that even strong warming (as one-off events) would produce < 5% probability reductions, pushing few below the threshold. We thus demonstrate tactics are fundamental understanding resilience under anthropogenic change.

Язык: Английский

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An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(11), С. 1376 - 1376

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2022

Population growth and industrialization have led to a race for greater food supply productivity. As result, the occupation population of forest areas, contact with wildlife their respective parasites vectors, trafficking consumption wildlife, pollution water sources, accumulation waste occur more frequently. Concurrently, agricultural livestock production human has accelerated, often in disorderly way, leading deforestation areas that are essential planet’s climatic ecological balance. The effects actions on other ecosystems such as marine ecosystem cause equally serious damage, this habitat, reduction fish animals, causing coastal move continent. sum these factors leads an increase demands housing, basic sanitation, medical assistance, making populations underserved vulnerable global warming emergence emerging re-emerging diseases. In article, we discuss anthropic climate changes, urbanization, deforestation, eating wild well unsustainable intensification which drivers zoonotic pathogens viral (Ebola virus, hantaviruses, Hendravirus, Nipah rabies, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease-2), bacterial (leptospirosis, Lyme borreliosis, tuberculosis), parasitic (leishmaniasis) fungal pathogens, pose substantial threat community. Finally, shed light urgent demand implementation One Health concept collaborative approach raise awareness educate people about science behind battle against mitigate both humans animals.

Язык: Английский

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One hundred research questions in conservation physiology for generating actionable evidence to inform conservation policy and practice

Conservation Physiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Abstract Environmental change and biodiversity loss are but two of the complex challenges facing conservation practitioners policy makers. Relevant robust scientific knowledge is critical for providing decision-makers with actionable evidence needed to inform decisions. In Anthropocene, science that leads meaningful improvements in conservation, restoration management desperately needed. Conservation Physiology has emerged as a discipline well-positioned identify mechanisms underpinning population declines, predict responses environmental test different situ ex interventions diverse taxa ecosystems. Here we present consensus list 10 priority research themes. Within each theme specific questions (100 total), answers which will address problems should improve biological resources. The themes frame set related following: (i) adaptation phenotypic plasticity; (ii) human–induced change; (iii) human–wildlife interactions; (iv) invasive species; (v) methods, biomarkers monitoring; (vi) policy, engagement communication; (vii) pollution; (viii) actions; (ix) threatened (x) urban systems. hopefully guide inspire researchers while also helping demonstrate makers many ways physiology can help support their

Язык: Английский

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Physiological differences between wild and captive animals: a century-old dilemma

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 226(23)

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2023

ABSTRACT Laboratory-based research dominates the fields of comparative physiology and biomechanics. The power lab work has long been recognized by experimental biologists. For example, in 1932, Georgy Gause published an influential paper Journal Experimental Biology describing a series clever experiments that provided first empirical test competitive exclusion theory, laying foundation for field remains active today. At time, wrestled with dilemma conducting or field, ultimately deciding progress could be best achieved taking advantage high level control offered experiments. However, physiological often yield different, even contradictory, results when conducted versus settings. This is especially concerning Anthropocene, as standard laboratory techniques are increasingly relied upon to predict how wild animals will respond environmental disturbances inform decisions conservation management. In this Commentary, we discuss several hypothesized mechanisms explain disparities between biology field. We propose strategies understanding why these differences occur can use improve our animals. Nearly century beyond Gause's work, still know remarkably little about what makes captive different from ones. Discovering should important goal biologists future.

Язык: Английский

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Pathways between people, wildlife and environmental justice in cities

People and Nature, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

Abstract Wildlife are increasingly recognized as critical to urban ecosystems, but the impacts and benefits of wildlife on people in cities poorly understood. Environmental justice scholarship has concluded that elements environment can create or exacerbate social inequity, human–wildlife interactions have not been considered through this lens. We conducted a literature review wildlife, environmental justice. triangulated between these three bodies identify trends, gaps research needs. identified six pathways which presence absence, management may lead injustice for people. Our shows affect nearly all aspects life people, including economics, participation decision‐making, patterns space, human health, psychological well‐being cultural discourses. Through pathways, disproportionately marginalized vulnerable communities affluent residents. Contemporary intersections planning, histories systemic bias existing injustices cities. Synthesis applications . Though often characterized ‘good’ ‘bad’ based their effects we conclude dichotomy perpetuates wildlife. Instead, argue ‘just city’ fosters healthy populations equitable decision‐making. The lay out here offer road map incorporating into management. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Canine distemper virus phylogenetic structure and ecological correlates of infection in mesocarnivores across anthropogenic land use gradients

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic land use impacts infectious diseases at the wildlife-domestic-human interface by changing host spatial distribution, behavior, density, and population dynamics. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a significant cause of morbidity mortality in many wild domestic animals. Given propensity CDV to infect synanthropic mesocarnivores, it important investigate environmental factors affecting mesocarnivore infection. Here, we investigated patterns infection developed statistical model identify variables related risk commonly affected mesocarnivores. We sampled carcasses ( N = 270) submitted Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study from January 2019 December 2022 sequenced H-gene 32 CDV-positive Overall, 158 out 270 mesocarnivores (58.5%) four species (raccoon, red fox, gray striped skunk) were diagnosed with across 13 states. Ripley’s K analysis showed positive cases more spatially clustered larger distances than expected due chance. A generalized linear for CDV-infected animals surface imperviousness, precipitation, subadult/adult age classes explanatory variables, but elevation had negative association likelihood. sequence diversity among southeastern United States was geographically separated into groups east west Mississippi River, only two eastern samples clustering western groups. By identifying areas intense human development highest CDV, may be possible focus surveillance efforts these areas, allowing earlier outbreak identification, potentially preventing cross-species transmission. IMPORTANCE change can impact disease spread altering animal distribution behavior. carnivores. This study how influences carnivores examining tissues collected between found dead States. strains distinct, differences populations river. Statistical models increased higher precipitation risk; however, there lower associated elevations younger The importance this that identifies geographic structure southern States, land-use associations potential high-risk transmission-information useful wildlife control strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of urban-induced mutations on ecology, evolution and health

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(6), С. 1074 - 1086

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Sugar addicted in the city: impact of urbanisation on food choice and diet composition of the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)

Journal of Urban Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Abstract Urban wildlife faces a great variety of human-induced habitat alterations, among others changes in resource availability and composition, often resulting serious declines biodiversity. Nevertheless, Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) occur high densities urban areas seem to benefit from supplementary feeding. However, we still lack knowledge about consequences urbanisation on mammalian foraging behaviour nutrient intake. Thus, investigated body mass, food choice diet composition an core area versus forest population cafeteria experiment. individuals were lower initial mass condition, but consumed significantly more g kJ per day gained weight over the course experiment (around 2 weeks); nevertheless, difference condition persisted. All preferred hazelnuts, had wider dietary range non-natural items. Both groups prioritised fat there was no protein though higher sugar intake, mainly by eating biscuits. Our results demonstrate clear effects preferences, which has potential for nutritional mismatch or negative side due consumption findings show that highly supplemented fragments might not serve as adequate refuge wildlife.

Язык: Английский

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